空心圆柱仪模拟列车荷载下土中应力路径能力分析

土体作为各向异性散粒体材料,其动力特性依赖于所处的应力路径。列车荷载下地基土在最大剪应力空间呈心形线旋转应力状态,但目前还未见室内试验中模拟心形线应力路径的相关研究。首先提出了土体动力响应解的简化拟合形式,并通过典型列车荷载作用下地基土所受应力特征分析验证了该简化形式的合理性。针对目前国际上已有的3类空心圆柱仪（HCA）,推导出模拟列车荷载下地基土应力特征的加载方式：（1）双向振动HCA可通过确定轴力和扭矩的应力形式来实现心形线应力路径加载,此时球应力p的变化规律与轴力的加载波形一致,中主应力系数b在内、外压相等时呈余弦变化规律;（2）三向振动HCA在模拟列车荷载下的应力特征时,可以保持p不变或b恒为0.5;（3）四向振动HCA能够通过控制轴力、扭矩和内、外压的共同变化来较全面地模拟列车荷载下土单元体的应力特征,并可实现b为任意合理值且保持不变的前提下p、q之间保持恒定线性关系。并推导了3类HCA的加载参数在正应力均以压应力为主及中主应力方向维持在直径方向时的约束条件。     

多功能数字化地籍测绘系统CADPS

研制的多功能为数字化地籍测绘系统，其集数据传输，平差计算，碎部点处理，图形处理和报表输出为一体，既适合于全站仪，并站仪，也可采用电子平板作业方式。该系统已用于生产中，效果好。     

1992-2014年河北省流动重力资料整理

系统整理河北省1992-2014年流动重力资料,利用LGADJ数据处理软件,对每期重力数据进行单期平差、多期整体平差计算,改正历史遗留问题,利用差分结果绘制145幅流动重力等值线差分图,通过具体异常点位及重力变化分析,得出：①地震前重力场变化强度与震级大小存在相关性;②流动重力观测资料地震前具有较为明显的前兆异常反应;③地震均发生在重力变化的“0”等值线附近地区。     

火试金法测定铜精矿中金含量结果的不确定度评定

对火试金法测定铜精矿中金含量的结果进行不确定度评定。分析了铜精矿样品称量、铜精矿样品的不均匀性和配料处理,以及金粒称量等因素对金含量测量结果不确定度的影响,并得出火试金法测量铜精矿中金含量的扩展不确定度。     

无机盐类对天然矿物低温催化混合酯生烃反应的影响

脂肪酸酯是一类重要的生烃母质。选择了十四烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸甲酯和十八烷酸甲酯的混合酯为模型反应物,以方解石、白云石、伊利石、钙蒙脱石和黄铁矿为催化剂,分别考察了氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钠、硫酸钠以及混合盐对天然矿物低温催化混合酯生烃反应的影响。结果表明,无机盐类对矿物催化下混合酯的生烃反应均有不同程度的影响,硫酸钠具有反催化作用,其它盐类具有正催化作用。且在各无机盐存在下,不同的矿物表现出不同的催化活性。     

Microbial ecology of the stratified water column of the Black Sea as revealed by a comprehensive biomarker study

The stratified water column of the Black Sea is partitioned into oxic, suboxic, and euxinic zones, each characterized by different biogeochemical processes and by distinct microbial communities. In 2003, we collected particulate matter by large volume in situ filtration at the highest resolution to date for lipid biomarker analysis and bacterioplankton for enumeration of major prokaryotic groups. Abundances of several prokaryotic groups were estimated using CARD-FISH probes specific for Bacteria, Archaea (Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota), epsilonproteobacteria (mainly sulfide oxidizers) and sulfate reducing bacteria. We also measured a wide range of bacterial and archaeal lipid biomarkers. Depth distributions of diagnostic biomarkers are matched with zonation of microbial processes, including aerobic bacterial oxidation of methane, oxidation of ammonium by bacteria and archaea, metal reduction, and sulfide oxidation at the chemocline, and bacterial sulfate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of methane by archaea in the anoxic zone. Cell densities for archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria are estimated based on water column biomarker concentrations and compared with CARD-FISH results.     

Tracing leachates at waste sites using geophysical and geochemical modelling

Tracing leachates at landfills is usually carried out using either geophysical methods or chemical analyses of groundwater. There are often problems with fingerprinting pollution sources or clarifying the spreading pattern due to a wide variety of possibilities giving similar anomalies. The aims of the project were to evaluate the advantages of combining results from multigeophysical modelling and statistical/chemical modelling in order to identify pollution sources and the spreading pattern and to test a new technique for chemical fingerprinting. The project was carried out at a landfill in central Sweden using geophysical measurements and modelling of CVES, GPR and VLF as well as chemical modelling using M3 (multivariate mixing and mass balance calculations). The results indicate that by combining geophysical modelling and chemical calculations, the possibilities of fingerprinting the origin of pollution as well as delineating the spreading pattern are significantly increased.     

青海省那陵郭勒河中游晚三叠世侵入岩地球化学特征及地质意义

那陵郭勒河中游位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格地区,分布着大量的花岗岩.对该地区晚三叠世侵入岩的研究有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造-岩浆演化历史.对研究区内花岗岩进行了岩石学、年代学及岩石地球化学分析.分析结果表明,研究区花岗闪长岩和二长花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(225.7士1)Ma、(213.74±...     

岫岩-海城Ms5.6级地震前后岫岩水氡异常分析

本文详细分析了1999.11.29岫岩-海城地震前后岫岩水氡的变化过程,结果表明：在整个孕震过程中,岫岩水氡表现出了完整的长、中、短、临异常变化及震后效应。对异常机理进行了初步探讨。     

大回线源内三维地形对电磁响应影响研究

我国地质地形条件复杂多样,地形效应研究与影响校正是电磁勘探数据处理与解释中的重要问题,忽略地形影响将造成数据解释的较大误差.为了避免复杂的地形效应,实际勘探中尽量将发射源与接收点布置在地形平缓处,但源内仍然可能存在水坑、空洞等小型地形对电磁响应造成一定影响.本文基于有限元法实现了频域、时间域电磁法三维数值模拟,构建了大回线源内含凹陷地形的多种勘探场景,分析了地形尺寸、填充介质变化对电磁响应的影响规律.文中通过与均匀半空间解析解、前人的块状高导体模型的数值结果对比,验证了基于有限元法的频域、时域电磁法三维正演的正确性和精度.在矩形回线源内构造了不同尺寸的凹陷区域,将凹陷区域填充空气、雨水介质模拟空洞和水坑,以均匀半空间响应为参考,定量考察了空洞、水坑对电磁响应的影响程度.研究表明,回线源内地形对电磁响应的影响主要反映在较高频段和时间域早期,水坑对电磁响应的影响显著高于空洞,在实际勘探中,应尽量避开水坑,而存在较小空洞时,可忽略地形效应.