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971.
A. Kröner P. Jaeckel E. Hegner M. Opletal 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2001,90(2):304-324
Granitoid orthogneisses make up the predominant rock type in the West Sudetes from Jizerské hory in the NW to the Orlické hory and Sn3ník Mountains in the SE. These generally strongly foliated gneisses are calc-alkaline in composition and display trace element characteristics suggesting generation in a volcanic arc setting. Single zircon ages reflecting the time of emplacement of the gneiss protoliths define a relatively narrow Cambro-Ordovician range between 502 and 515 Ma. This is similar to previously reported zircon ages from the Czech and Polish West Sudetes and documents an important and regionally extensive post-Cadomian magmatic event that we relate to continental arc magmatism on the margin of Avalonia that developed during closure of the Tornquist Ocean. An age of 492 Ma for a microgranite dyke cutting deformed and metamorphosed orthogneisses in the Orlické hory shows the main deformation to be early Paleozoic. Zircon xenocryst minimum ages range between 546 and 2070 Ma and show maxima in the Cadomian/Pan-African (550-850 Ma) and Grenvillian (1000-1300 Ma) time brackets. The Grenvillian event is also evident from Nd mean crustal residence ages that vary between 1.34 and 1.87 Ga. From these data we suggest that the pre-Variscan granitoid gneisses of the Czech West Sudetes were largely generated by melting of a predominantly Grenville-age basement that was part of the northern margin of Gondwana and may have been related to Grenville-age basement now identified in northern South America. 相似文献
972.
Abstract Past oceanic sulphate concentration is important for understanding how the oceans’ redox state responded to atmospheric oxygen levels. The absence of extensive marine sulphate evaporites before ~1.2 Gyr probably reflects low seawater sulphate and/or higher carbonate concentrations. Sulphate evaporites formed locally during the 2.22–2.06 Gyr Lomagundi positive δ13C excursion. However, the ~2.2–2.1 Gyr Lucknow Formation, South Africa, provides the first direct evidence for seawater sulphate precipitation on a carbonate platform with open ocean access and limited terrestrial input. These marginal marine deposits contain evidence for evaporite molds, pseudomorphs after selenite gypsum, and solid inclusions of Ca‐sulphate in quartz. Carbon and sulphur isotope data match the global record and indicate a marine source of the evaporitic brines. The apparent precipitation of gypsum before halite requires ≥2.5 mm L?1 sulphate concentration, higher than current estimates for the Paleoproterozoic. During the Lomagundi event, which postdates the 2.32 Gyr initial rise in atmospheric oxygen, seawater sulphate concentration rose from Archean values of ≤200 μm L?1, but dropped subsequently because of higher pyrite burial rates and a lower oceanic redox state. 相似文献
973.
974.
Shyhrete Shala Karin F. Helmens Tomi P. Luoto Minna Väliranta Jan Weckström J. Sakari Salonen Peter Kuhry 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(4):311-329
This study presents a detailed analysis of geochemical and biotic proxies in a lake sediment profile to assess the effects of local and regional environmental drivers on the Holocene development of Lake Loitsana, situated in the northern boreal forest of NE Finland. Multi-proxy studies, in particular those that include a detailed plant macrofossil record, from the part of the northern boreal zone of Fennoscandia which has not been affected by treeline fluctuations, are scarce and few of these records date back to the earliest part of the Holocene. A 9-m sediment sequence of gyttja overlying silts representing the last c. 10,700 cal year, allowed for a high-resolution study with emphasis on the early to mid-Holocene lake history. The lacustrine sediments were studied using lithology, loss-on-ignition and C/N ratios, micro- and macro-fossils of aquatic and wetland taxa, diatoms, chironomids and accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating on terrestrial plant macrofossils. Our study shows that the local development at Loitsana was complex and included a distinct glacial lake phase and subsequent drainage, a history of fluvial input affected by nearby wetland expansion, and lake infilling in an eventual esker-fed shallow lake. Enhanced trophic conditions, due to morphometric eutrophication, are recorded as Glacial Lake Sokli drained and open water conditions became restricted to a relatively small Lake Loitsana depression. pH appears to have been stable throughout the Holocene with a well-buffered lake due to the local carbonatite bedrock (Sokli Carbonatite Massif). The fossil assemblage changes are best explained by a complex mixture of drivers, including water-body conditions (i.e. depth, turbidity and turbulence), rate of sediment input, and the general infilling of the lake, highlighting the need to carefully evaluate the possible influence of such local factors as palaeoenvironmental conditions are reconstructed based on aquatic proxies. 相似文献
975.
Laug Andreas Haberzettl Torsten Pannes Andre Schwarz Anja Turner Falko Wang Junbo Engels Stefan Rigterink Sonja Börner Nicole Ahlborn Marieke Ju Jianting Schwalb Antje 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2021,66(3):171-186
Journal of Paleolimnology - The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the “Water Tower of Asia” because of its function as a water storage and supply region, responds dramatically to modern... 相似文献
976.
977.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
978.
Doklady Earth Sciences - 相似文献
979.
Roger Hekinian Peter Stoffers Dietrich Akermand Nicolas Binard Jean Francheteau Colin Devey Dieter Garbe-Schönberg 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1995,17(4):375-397
The Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region located between 25° S–116° W and 25° S–122° W consists of a chain of seamounts forming isolated volcanoes and elongated (100–200 km in length) en echelon volcanic ridges oriented obliquely NE (N 065°), to the present day general spreading direction (N 100°) of the Pacific-Nazca plates. The extension of this seamount chain into the southwestern edge of the Easter microplate near 26°30 S–115° W was surveyed and sampled. The southern boundary including the Orongo fracture zone and other shallow ridges (< 2000 m high) bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate consists of fault scarps where pillow lava, dolerite, and metabasalts are exposed. The degree of rock alternation inferred from palagonitization of glassy margins suggests that the volcanic ridges are as old as the shallow ridges bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate. The volcanics found on the various structures west of the microplate consist of depleted (K/Ti < 0.1), transitional (K/Ti = 0.11–0.25) and enriched (K/Ti > 0.25) MORBs which are similar in composition to other more recent basalts from the Southwest and East Rifts spreading axes of the Easter microplate. Incompatible element ratios normalized to chondrite values [(Ce/Yb)N = 1–2.5}, {(La/Sm)N = 0.4–1.2} and {(Zr/Y)N = 0.7–2.5} of the basalts are also similar to present day volcanism found in the Easter microplate. The volcanics from the Easter microplate-Crough region are unrelated to other known South Pacific intraplate magmatism (i.e. Society, Pitcairn, and Salas y Gomez Islands). Instead their range in incompatible element ratios is comparable to the submarine basalts from the recently investigated Ahu and Umu volcanic field (Easter hotspot) (Scientific Party SO80, 1993) and centered at about 80 km west of Easter Island. The oblique ridges and their associated seamounts are likely to represent ancient leaky transform faults created during the initial stage of the Easter microplate formation ( 5 Ma). It appears that volcanic activity on seamounts overlying the oblique volcanic ridges has continued during their westward drift from the microplate as shown by the presence of relatively fresh lava observed on one of these structures, namely the first Oblique Volcanic Ridge near 25° S–118° W at about 160 km west of the Easter microplate West Rift. Based on a reconstruction of the Easter microplate, it is suggested that the Crough seamount (< 800 m depth) was formed by earlier (7–10 Ma) hotspot magmatic activity which also created Easter Island. 相似文献
980.
Ocean Dynamics - Net deposition in estuaries is often linked to the estuarine turbidity maximum zones, in which fine, cohesive sediments accumulate due to residual transport by the estuarine... 相似文献