胶东招掖地区与金矿化有关花岗岩类继承锆石年龄及其意义

花岗岩类锆石SHRIMP研究表明，胶东招掖地区与金矿化有关花岗岩类含有大量不同时代的继承锆石，发现3446±2-3114±4Ma的继承锆石表明胶东地区存在古太古代硅铝核。大量印支期继承锆石（平均年龄219Ma）的年龄与南、北克拉通碰撞时代一致，推测这些锆石极可能来自其源岩，即华南、华北克拉通碰撞造山花岗岩。否定了玲珑花岗岩主要是胶东岩群交代-重熔形成的传统认识。郭家岭型花岗岩中含有较多新太古代和古元古代继承锆石，表明其源岩有较多的胶东岩群和荆山群变镁铁质岩石。     

基于GIS的雷电灾害监测预警与数据处理系统

针对雷电灾害涉及的关键问题,基于ArcEngine开发平台,结合大型网络数据库sqlServer2005与空间数据库模型GeoIataBase,设计了具有3层逻辑结构的系统构架方案,构建了基于GIS的雷电监测预警与数据处理系统。该系统有效地将各种雷电数据与GIS平台进行无缝对接,并整合雷电预测模式,实现各种雷电数据基于GIS的实时监测处理与预测预警以及高效组织、存储与管理,满足各种雷电信息查询处理分析的需求;为气象部门对雷电灾害天气的监测、预报预警以及各种数据基于地理信息的处理分析等提供了有效的可视化平台,同时也为GIS与气象专业领域的结合进行了有益的探索。     

中国大陆大震形势研究

本文分析了１５００－１９９４年间中国大陆７级以上地震活动的时空分布特征，得出强弱活跃期相间交替出现，地震轮回内活跃期与一个轮回持续时间之比服从准黄金分割，活跃期具三幕式结构，一个活跃段一般仅有一个主体活动区、１－２个参与活动区等结论。据此分析认为，１９７７年后中国大陆已进入第四个轮回的相对平静期，并将持续３０年左右。     

光学弱相干层析成像进展

光学弱相干层析成像技术结合了共焦、弱相干、光外差及扫描层析成像等技术的优点,可实现无损伤、在体检测,具有较高的探测灵敏度和分辨率,可望在生物组织活检中获得广泛应用。本文在讨论ＯＣＴ基本原理的基础上,介绍了ＯＣＴ系统的若干应用,如龋齿、体内器官粘膜的成像检测和对血管结构与血流动力学的成像检测等。     

井中声波全波列信息人工网络模型的自动拾取

层析成像的分辨率取决于对地震(声波)全波列记录信息提取的精度,本文阐述了从地震(声波)全波列记录提取特征信息,建立三层神经元网络模型,利用神经元网络对地震(声波)全波列记录的信息提取,如初至波走时拾取。本文讨论了神经元网络模型的建立和神经元网络模型的学习。侧重讨论了初至波出现时的特征并对它进行了定量化描述,用它对地震(声波)全波列记录信息提取,取得了很高的精度。     

Using LMDI method to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions in China’s petrochemical industries

China’s petrochemical industries are playing an important role in China’s economic development. However, the industries consume large amounts of energy and have become primary sources of carbon emission. In this paper, the change in carbon emissions from China’s petrochemical industries between 2000 and 2010 was quantitatively analyzed with the Log-Mean Divisia Index method, which was decomposed into economic output effect, industrial structural effect and technical effect. The results show that economic output effect is the most important factor driving carbon emission growth in China’s petrochemical industries; industrial structural effect has certain decrement effect on carbon emissions; adjustment of industrial structure by developing low-carbon emission industrial sectors may be a better choice for reducing carbon emissions; and the impact of technical effect varies considerably without showing any clear decrement effect trend over the period of year 2000–2010. The biggest challenge is how to make use of these factors to balance the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions. This study will promote a more comprehensive understanding of the inter-relationships of economic development, industrial structural shift, technical effect and carbon emissions in China’s petrochemical industries and is helpful for exploration of relevant strategies to reduce carbon emissions.

     

运用定量化结构分析方法揭示蚀变花岗斑岩的形成过程——以新疆莫阿特茂金岩体为例

地球化学分析方法已广泛运用于火成岩成因的研究中, 但对于一些蚀变较严重的岩石, 有时仅通过地球化学分析难以还原岩浆固结的过程.火成岩定量化结构分析方法是通过对岩石中矿物的定量分析(诸如晶体粒度分布分析, 晶体空间分布分析, 以及晶体定向程度分析等), 从而反演岩浆固结过程中发生的动力学过程.这种方法很好地避免了蚀变作用对还原岩体形成过程所产生的诸多影响.本文运用火成岩定量化结构分析方法, 对新疆莫阿特茂金花岗斑岩体钻孔中10个样品的钾长石斑晶和石英斑晶分别进行分析.尽管这些样品普遍发生了碳酸盐化蚀变作用, 定性观察中结构特征也比较均一, 但是钾长石和石英斑晶的定量化结构数据及其在钻孔深度(约170 m)范围内的变化趋势显示, 茂金花岗斑岩体可能至少由4次脉冲岩浆叠加形成, 每股岩浆中心的CSD曲线小晶体缺乏, 发生了粗化现象.由于脉冲式岩浆多次注入, 导致的温度振荡加剧了矿物粗化.脉冲岩浆中心处斑晶体积含量的增加, 可能与岩浆流动过程中对大晶体的影响有关, 80 m深度以下脉冲岩浆接触带的斑晶体积含量明显增加, 是由于机械压缩导致的.     

安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石的氨基酸生物地球化学

本文从氨基酸生物地球化学的角度,对安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石中的氨基酸进行了探讨,初步获得如下结果:1.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成中,酸性氨基酸含量极高(总量不低于30%);中性氨基酸含量也较大(总量在20%左右);碱性氨基酸含量极低,均在1%以下。 2.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成基本上取决于原生蛋白质的组成模式,但由于成岩作用的影响,使牙釉化石的氨基酸组成和含量与现生哺乳动物牙釉相比,存在较大差别。3.将测得的牙釉化石中的D-别异亮氨酸/L-异亮氨酸比值,以及根据对该地点动物化石研究而估算的平均成岩温度(12.5℃-13℃),代入有关的氨基酸测年公式,求得该猿人遗址的化石年龄为23万年。     

Chemical Weathering and CO2 Consumption of Chishuihe River Basin,Guizhou Province

Carbon sink produced during rock weathering is critical to global carbon cycles. In this work, we analyzed the major ion chemistry of the Chishuihe River Basin, and the major ion composition of the Chishuihe River system and the principal component analysis was applied for estimating the weathering rate and atmospheric CO₂ consumption via the rock chemical weathering. The results demonstrated that the chemical composition of the river was dominated by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HC and S. The average concentration(317.88 mg/L) of the total dissolved solids within the Chishuihe River was higher than the average value (65 mg/L) of world rivers. The Gibbs graph combining major ion element ratio analysis indicated that the catchment major ion composition mainly originated from rock weathering, primarily from carbonate weathering, sparsely from silicate weathering. Carbonate and silicate weathering contributed 70.77% and 5.03% separately to the dissolved loads. The anthropogenic and precipitation impact was limited. According to calculation based on principal component and the ion composition characteristics, the chemical weathering rate was 126.716 t/(km²·a), significantly higher than that of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, and also higher than the average rate of the global major rivers. The CO₂ consumption flux based on annual average runoff was 10.96×10⁹ mol/a, and the CO₂ consumption rate by chemical weathering was 5.79×10⁵ mol/(km²·a).     

Study on Environmental and Hydrological Effects of Thermokarst Lakes in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Thermokarst lake is the most visible morphologic landscape developing during the process of permafrost degradation, and it is still an international hot topic in permafrost research. The climate warming, and the consequent degradation of the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau aggravate thermokarst lake development. The permafrost is normally considered as an aquiclude, and the permafrost degradation, especially when the permafrost is completely thawed by a thermokarst lake, might influence regional ground water. Therefore, a research program focusing on environmental and hydrological effects of thermokarst lakes in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The work proposed by the application includes: To analysis the spatial and temporal distribution rule of thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) under the climate change and engineering activities, and to evaluate the ecological environment effects through remote sensing and field investigation; to reveal the main factors influencing a typical thermokarst lake and its hydrothermal condition, and to elucidate the conversion relationship between the thermokarst lake and the groundwater with hydrological and isotope tracer tests; to make an analysis of the influences of different lake stage and size on regional permafrost, hydrological conditions and ecological environment through numerical simulation and statistical modelling, considering the relationships between the thermokarst lake and the ground water level. The research results will help to accurately assess regional permafrost ecological environment evolution and trend prediction, and to reasonably understand the impact factors of the permafrost hydrological evolution and its response mechanism to the ecological environment in the river source regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, the research status analysis, the main research contents, research objectives and prospects were introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers.