面向作战任务的战场环境仿真过程对象模型

针对目前战场环境仿真系统与指控系统之间互操作性还不完善,需要构建一种面向作战任务的战场环境仿真过程模型来有效解析指控系统的关键信息需求。分析了仿真过程结构化特征,采用面向对象的方法构建仿真过程概念模型;分析GeoBML的数据模型和形式化语法,使用形式化语言建立仿真过程的逻辑语义模型;定义仿真过程对象数据结构,构建任务驱动下的仿真过程数据映射模型。最后,基于该模型设计战场环境仿真平台组件并应用,验证其合理性与可扩展性。     

Seismogenic Structures of the 2006 ML4.0 Dangan Island Earthquake Offshore Hong Kong

The northern margin of the South China Sea, as a typical extensional continental margin, has relatively strong intraplate seismicity. Compared with the active zones of Nanao Island, Yangjiang, and Heyuan, seismicity in the Pearl River Estuary is relatively low. However, a ML4.0 earthquake in 2006 occurred near Dangan Island(DI) offshore Hong Kong, and this site was adjacent to the source of the historical M5.8 earthquake in 1874. To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of intraplate earthquakes in DI, we systematically analyzed the structural characteristics in the source area of the 2006 DI earthquake using integrated 24-channel seismic profiles, onshore–offshore wide-angle seismic tomography, and natural earthquake parameters. We ascertained the locations of NW-and NE-trending faults in the DI sea and found that the NE-trending DI fault mainly dipped southeast at a high angle and cut through the crust with an obvious low-velocity anomaly. The NW-trending fault dipped southwest with a similar high angle. The 2006 DI earthquake was adjacent to the intersection of the NE-and NW-trending faults, which suggested that the intersection of the two faults with different strikes could provide a favorable condition for the generation and triggering of intraplate earthquakes. Crustal velocity model showed that the high-velocity anomaly was imaged in the west of DI, but a distinct entity with low-velocity anomaly in the upper crust and high-velocity anomaly in the lower crust was found in the south of DI. Both the 1874 and 2006 DI earthquakes occurred along the edge of the distinct entity. Two vertical cross-sections nearly perpendicular to the strikes of the intersecting faults revealed good spatial correlations between the 2006 DI earthquake and the low to high speed transition in the distinct entity. This result indicated that the transitional zone might be a weakly structural body that can store strain energy and release it as a brittle failure, resulting in an earthquake-prone area.     

Spatial Variations of b-Values in the Coastal Area of Guangdong

We used earthquake catalogs recorded by Guangdong Seismological Network from 2008 to 2014 to resolve the spatial variations of b-values in the coastal area of Guangdong, particularly in three key research areas(Yangjiang, Heyuan, and offshore Nanao Island) with strong seismicity. Our results revealed that b-values exhibited significant spatial variations, and zones with low b-values could indicate the most likely seismogenic area of large earthquakes. We observed three clear low b-value patches in the offshore Nanao Island. We found a distinct high b-value peak at the depth of 11 km and two minimum peaks at about 14 and 7–8 km in the Yangjiang area. The overall b-values generally decrease with depth in the Heyuan area. The spatial variations of b-values reflect tectonic anomalies; that is, the ‘low-high-low' distribution of b-values in the offshore Nanao Island and the Yangjiang area may indicate the anomaly of the crustal structure with a weak layer. The b-values of reservoir-induced seismicity are obviously lower than that induced by tectonism. This finding indicates that the reservoir area is generally at high stress state under the condition of high pore pressure. We inferred that large earthquakes might be prone to occur at 10–12 km depth in the offshore Nanao Island, at 12–15 km depth in the Yangjiang area, and at the lower part of the seismic activity zone in the Heyuan area. Moreover, the upstream area of the Xinfengjiang reservoir is the most likely area of future large earthquakes in the Heyuan area.     

苏鲁地体胡家林和梭罗树三叠纪变质超基性岩U-Pb、Lu-Hf和O同位素地球化学研究

胡家林超基性岩单矿物氧同位素组成基本上接近正常地幔值（石榴石4.7‰~5.4‰)。梭罗树超基性岩及其共生榴辉岩具有氧同位素正异常（超基性岩中石榴石9.8‰~10.4‰;榴辉岩中石榴石9.0‰~12.1‰)，指示超基性岩和榴辉岩原岩可能在板块俯冲之前，在浅层或地表环境中经历过蛇绿岩套顶部相似的低温热液蚀变。胡家林超基性岩样品中的变质锆石年龄227.2±2.4 Ma，可能代表俯冲板块经峰期超高压变质后，折返初期从金刚石榴辉岩相降压至柯石英榴辉岩相过程中流体活动和错石结晶的年龄。梭罗树超基性岩样品中变质锆石的一组变质年龄240.4±2.4 Ma代表了板块俯冲至超高压峰期变质之前流体活动过程中锆石的结晶年龄，而另一组变质年龄217.1±3.3 Ma代表了板块折返过程中高压榴辉岩相重结晶条件下的锆石结晶年龄。从变质锆石到重结晶锆石，其Th/U和176Lu/177Hf呈现出相似的变化趋势，可能指示了变质作用对锆石中的U-Th-Pb同位素体系和Lu-Hf同位素体系产生相似的地球化学效应。梭罗树超基性岩可能来源于俯冲地壳内部的“残留地幔”。胡家林超基性岩重结晶锆石中继承的放射成因铅或者来源于俯冲地壳与仰冲盘底部石榴辉石岩相地幔发生的壳幔相互作用而导致碎屑锆石的重结晶；或者来源于超基性岩岩浆在板块俯冲前，通过底侵作用上升侵位与地壳物质发生混染形成岩浆锆石，这种岩浆错石在超高压变质过程中经历了重结晶。     

西南岩溶地下水资源开发利用效应与潜力分析

西南岩溶地区面积78万km2,地下水系统包括裸露岩溶水系统和覆盖-埋藏型岩溶水系统两大类。由于降水丰富、地下岩溶发育,西南岩溶地下水资源丰富,在43万km2调查区内,具有地下水天然资源量1762.82×108m3/a,岩溶地下水允许开采资源量615.70×108m3/a。近年来,通过开展水文地质调查,在地下河、表层岩溶水和蓄水构造岩溶水打井开采方面均取得重要进展,产生了显著的经济和生态环境效应。但由于西南地区岩溶水开发难度大,区域经济落后,西南岩溶地下水的开发利用程度普遍较低,已开采量为98.32×108m3/a,仅占允许开采量的15.97%,剩余地下水潜力资源量517.38×108m3/a。     

基于闪锌矿晶体中受激电磁耦子散射产生可调谐太赫兹波的理论研究

基于受激电磁耦子散射原理,采用已报道的利用非线性光学参量振荡方法产生可调谐太赫兹波的实验条件作为理论分析的实验模型,以GaAs,GaP, InP,ZnTe晶体为代表,计算分析了在闪锌矿晶体中参量振荡产生太赫兹波的吸收、增益特性,对输出THz波的调谐特性给出了详尽分析.分析太赫兹波高效耦合输出的腔型结构,并与掺氧化镁铌酸锂晶体组成的太赫兹波参量振荡器做对比.     

珠江口外走航ADCP资料的系统误差订正与质量控制

在对珠江口外2006年冬季航次走航ADCP观测资料处理中发现用Joyce的方法不能有效地订正系统误差,其原因在于订正角与航速、船艏向相关。给出了一个订正角为船艏向余弦的拟合函数,得出良好的订正结果。分析了VmDas软件处理流速结果的精度,给出了系统误差识别的方法。发现观测资料中一些不能为VmDas软件识别的错误数据,分析了海况对观测资料的影响,提出了观测资料质量控制与误差订正的一套程序。     

三门湾沉积记录中长链烯酮不饱和指数-海表温度和浮游动物群落对厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜的响应

应用沉积地层记录中长链烯酮不饱和指数(U3K7)估算1916—2003年三门湾表层海水温度(SST)与变化。SST波动范围为15.97~18.00℃,年平均为17.03℃。该值比当年实测海水全年平均温度低3.52℃,同时应用长链烯醇不饱和指数与SST的关系重建历史上的厄尔尼诺现象。研究显示三门湾的厄尔尼诺气候事件在大尺度上与东太平洋一样均受制于气候影响,在变化尺度上又受到地理位置和地方性气候(季风)的影响,厄尔尼诺事件在形式和年代上相互对应,但是其涛动幅度不如东太平洋的强烈。通过比较厄尔尼诺期间(2003/2002年)和非厄尔尼诺期间(2006/2005年)的浮游动物群落结构变动信号、生物量、密度以及物种多样性等,在厄尔尼诺时期浮游动物种类数、生物量和丰度呈现偏高的趋势,三门湾的暖水性浮游动物类群、数量变化与台湾暖流活动过程中携带的浮游性动物有密切的联系。     

Reconstruction of eddies by assimilating satellite altimeter data into Princeton Ocean Model

An optimal interpolation assimilation model for satellite altimetry data is developed based on Princeton Ocean Model (POM), which is applied in a quasi-global domain, by the method of isotropic correlation between sea level anomaly (SLA) and sea temperature anomaly. The perfor- mance of this assimilation model is validated by the modeled results of SLA and the current patterns. Comparisons between modeling and satellite data show that both the magnitudes and distribution patterns of the simulated SLA are improved by assimilation. The most signiˉcant improvement is that meso-scale systems, e.g., eddies, are well reconstructed. The evolution of an eddy located in the northwest Paciˉc Ocean is traced by using the assimilation model. Model results show that during three months the eddy migrated southwestward for about 6 degrees before merging into the Kuroshio. The three dimensional structure of this eddy on 12 August 2001 is further analyzed. The strength of this warm, cyclonic eddy decreases with the increase of depth. The eddy shows di?erent horizontal patterns at di?erent layers, and the SLA and temperature ˉelds agree with each other well. This study suggests that this kind of data assimilation is economic and reliable for eddy reconstruction, and can be used as a promising technique in further studies of ocean eddies as well as other ˉne circulation structures.     

一种非对称台风Bogus方法的数值模拟应用

前人研究中BDA方法采用的轴对称Bogus台风不能反映个别台风具体特征,也弃掉了背景场的合理成分,有必要改用更精细的非对称台风Bogus模型对BDA方案做出改进。因此,提出一种充分融合分析场信息和实际观测信息并考虑副高影响的非对称台风Bogus方法,针对0613、0704台风个例,通过4DVAR技术,利用MM5模式及其伴随模式对此Bogus资料进行BDA同化试验和模拟预报,数值结果表明:BDA方法同化非对称台风Bogus模型,其路径预报效果优于同化轴对称台风模型,同化两种Bogus资料都使台风强度模拟效果得到极大改善,但改善程度相当,故台风的非对称结构及副高等外围环境场及背景场弱台风中合理信息对台风的准确模拟起到关键作用,同时,Bogus资料同化方法用于远洋上的台风时,需注意台风模型与副高的配置关系。