多目标粒子群算法与选址中的形状优化

选址问题是GIS最基本的任务之一.一般性的选址是基于点的位置优化,可利用有关GIS功能完成.实际的选址问题是很复杂的.在给定设施的数量和面积前提下,需要在空间上确定设施的最佳位置,并对形状进行优化,以获取最大的效用.采用一般的方法无法求解这种最优化问题.而且,当选址问题涉及多个目标和不同的约束性条件时,就会变得异常复杂.提出了利用多目标粒子群优化算法和区域形状变异算法相结合来解决复杂的空间选址问题.具有智能的搜索方法,大大提高了空间搜索能力,并保持了搜索区域的连通性,取得了较好的效果.     

FPAR的Monte Carlo模拟研究

FPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy)是植被冠层阻截太阳光合有效辐射的比例,是遥感估算陆地生态系统植被净第一性生产力(NPP)的重要参数.利用Monte Carlo方法模拟光子在植被冠层中的辐射传输过程,以植被冠层二向反射分布函数的模拟来验证模拟的正确性;在此基础上对400-700nm光合作用波段范围内的植被叶片吸收光子辐射比例的FPAR进行模拟.FPAR的Monte Carlo模拟结果,揭示了FPAR与太阳天顶角及植被冠层参数之间的关系.     

重金属污染胁迫下盐肤木的生化效应及波谱特征

利用遥感生物地球化学的原理和方法,分析了德兴铜矿的重金属污染状况和植物盐肤木的生物地球化学效应,对盐肤木生物地球化学效应的波谱特征进行了系统的提取和分析.研究发现酸、铜、镉等是德兴铜矿地区主要的环境污染因子,野外调查及样品的化验分析表明盐肤木对铜元素呈现一定的富集作用和很强的位移效应,是适合铜矿复垦的植被.利用导数光谱、包络线去除、红边效应、植被指数等光谱信息处理方法对盐肤木的野外波谱分析表明,随着叶片中Cu等金属元素含量的增大,其产生的毒化效应的波谱特征越明显,盐肤木叶片光谱反射率明显升高,波形蓝移,红边陡坡斜率增大,叶绿素吸收深度变浅,吸收中心稍有蓝移,水的吸收深度变浅,吸收中心位置红移,绿度指数变化明显.对波谱特征及其与重金属含量的相关关系综合分析后认为,红边特征、植被指数NDVI、叶绿素吸收深度与叶片铜含量关系显著,可以作为植被铜污染遥感图像特征提取的参考.     

基于蚁群智能的遥感影像分类新方法

智能式遥感分类是遥感研究的新热点.提出了一种基于蚁群智能规则挖掘(ant-miner)的遥感影像分类新方法.遥感数据各波段之间存在较强的相关性,这种相关性往往会导致分类产生误差.而ant-miner算法中的信息素是基于规则整体性能的,信息素的动态更新能有效地处理相关性较强的数据,所提供的正反馈信息能纠正启发式函数缺陷所造成的错误.因此,蚁群智能算法应用于遥感分类具有一定的优势.将该方法用于广州市地区的遥感影像,取得了较好的分类结果.并与See5.0决策树方法及最大似然方法(MLH)进行了对比研究,实验结果表明,蚁群智能算法分类精度比后两者的分类精度更高.     

GPS在计算导弹脱靶量中的应用研究

将GPS技术应用于导弹靶试脱靶量测量,并对计算过程作了较为详细的分析和探讨。试验证明：利用GPS测定脱靶量,测量精度高,简单易行,可以在靶场逐步试验推广。     

基于IGS超级跟踪站的近实时GPS气象研究及应用

目前国内许多城市开始将CORS综合应用网服务于气象部门,为给地基GPS气象研究人员提供一个真实的研究环境,本文基于IGS超级跟踪站网络搭建了一个近实时GPS气象系统,并结合实测数据验证了该系统的有效性。基于该平台可以系统地研究GPS遥感水汽、层析水汽三维分布、数值天气预报同化GPS水汽以及利用电离层分布进行空间天气预报等理论。     

油气化探同步荧光技术中的若干问题

在试验的基础上,对油气化探固定波长同步荧光测试技术中光谱图的认识、波长差与方法灵敏度的关系以及同步荧光与其他荧光方法的内在关系等问题作了深入的研究和探讨,澄清了该技术在实际应用工作中较易产生混淆的几个问题,旨在推动该项技术在油气化探工作中的进一步应用和发展.     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.     

Effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus on weathering of phosphorite and a preliminary analysis of bacterial proteins

The authors investigated the effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus on weathering of phosphorite. Analysis of different proteins was of significance in exploring the molecular biological mechanism in the bacterial weathering process. The concrete methods are described as follows： Mineral powder was put into liquid culture medium and B. mucilaginosus was incubated in the medium. The control （group） had no mineral powder in the medium. The treatments and controls were cultured simultaneously under the same condition. In a few days, the supernatant was filtrated, the main cations （Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Na^＋, Mn^2＋, Al^3＋, Fe^3＋, K^＋） were measured by ICP-OES, and the contents of water soluble phosphorus （Pws） and silicon （Siws） were determined by colorimetry. The residual solid was weighed on the filter paper, followed by digestion with concentrated HNO3. The concentrations of the main cations and Pws, Siws in the digest liquid were measured by using the method mentioned above. After the supernatant was centrifuged, the precipitation was used to analyze the protein differences between the treatment groups and the control groups by 2-dimentional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The experimental results showed that apatite and quartz were partially weathered, but kaolinite was dissolved completely. The population of bacteria increased when mineral powder was added in the liquid medium. Software analysis and comparison of the 2-DE pictures of bacterial proteins revealed 1134 visible protein spots in the treatment group, and 729 visible protein spots in the control group. To compare the bacterial protein expression contents of the treatment group with those of the control group, there were 496 different protein spots, including 214 protein spots which indicated that the protein contents increased, 75 protein spots were indicative of a decrease, and 207 proteins were newly synthesized. It is proposed that the increased bacterial contents may be related to some protein expression and activation after the