Apparent lack of CYP1A response to high PCB body burdens in fish from a chronically contaminated PCB site

Chronic exposure to organic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can lead to the development of resistance to these chemicals, a condition associated with reduced response of CYP1A1, a pollutant-inducible biomarker. We measured CYP1A activity (ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase, EROD) and PCB concentrations in feral fish from the Town Branch/Mud River system (Logan County, KY), a stream historically contaminated with PCBs and partially remediated. As a first step in evaluating the possible development of resistant populations in this system, we measured CYP1A expression and PCB body burdens in resident fish from sites we previously characterized as containing biologically significant levels of CYP1A inducing compounds. Mean PCB concentrations in edible flesh ranged from 75.2 to 16.7 microg/g in fish collected from Town Branch remediated sites and were relatively low (1.23 microg/g) in Town Branch reference site fish. However, hepatic CYP1A activity was similar among individuals of most species collected from reference and contaminated/remediated sites. The absence of elevated CYP1A levels in resident fish species despite the presence of significant PCB body burdens may indicate these fish have developed reduced sensitivity to CYP1A induction, a condition associated with acquired resistance to toxicants.     

广西北海湾COD与水文生物要素及不同形态氮磷的关系

本文探讨了北海深COD值的分布特征及其与水文，生物要素及不同形态氮，磷含量的关系，结果表明；河流输入对本湾COD值的影响突出表现在春、夏季、冬季最小，秋季则以沿岸排废，排污影响为主，水文要素对COD值的分布起主导控制作用，生物化学作用仅占次要地位；春、夏、冬三个季度月COD值与氮含量的相关性较为显著，秋季则与磷含量的相关性较为显著。     

养殖对虾细菌性红体病的初步研究

从海南琼山患红体病的养殖南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的肝胰脏和肌肉中分离出2株细菌，经纯化培养后的人工感染结果表明，该2株菌均为引起对虾红体病的细菌性病原菌；根据对这2株菌的形态及生理生化特征检测结果，确定这2株菌分别为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)。药敏试验表明，氮霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素等7种抗生素对抑制这2种致病菌具有良好作用。     

Postglacial relative sea‐level observations from Ireland and their role in glacial rebound modelling

The British Isles have been the focus of a number of recent modelling studies owing to the existence of a high‐quality sea‐level dataset for this region and the suitability of these data for constraining shallow earth viscosity structure, local to regional ice sheet histories and the magnitude/timing of global meltwater signals. Until recently, the paucity of both glaciological and relative sea‐level (RSL) data from Ireland has meant that the majority of these glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling studies of the British Isles region have tended to concentrate on reconstructing ice cover over Britain. However, the recent development of a sea‐level database for Ireland along with emergence of new glaciological data on the spatial extent, thickness and deglacial chronology of the Irish Ice Sheet means it is now possible to revisit this region of the British Isles. Here, we employ these new data to constrain the evolution of the Irish Ice Sheet. We find that in order to reconcile differences between model predictions and RSL evidence, a thick, spatially extensive ice sheet of ～600–700 m over much of north and central Ireland is required at the LGM with very rapid deglaciation after 21 k cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An overview of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene positive inversions and Oligo-Miocene subsidence events in the foreland of the Tunisian Atlas: Structural style and implications for the tectonic agenda of the Maghrebian Atlas system

Structural interpretation of surface and subsurface data in the Eastern foreland basins of Tunisia, allows us to recognize positive inversion structures, i.e. related to compressional events, expressed and recorded in the Paleogene sedimentary pile of the Atlas domain. These episodes are followed by a period of relative tectonic quiescence during Oligocene-Early Miocene with development of extensional structures with slightly tilted panels, grabens and locally the development of listric normal faults branched at depth on “décollement” levels.Comparison of the seismic interpretations and field data collected along the South Atlas Front as well as in the Atlas belt, allows us to propose a tectonic scenario at the scale of Eastern Tunisia Atlas. In particular, we emphasise the role of the so-called “Atlas event” (Middle-Late Eocene), which was initially defined in Algeria but poorly outlined in Tunisia. We will show that the tectonic agenda defined in Eastern Tunisia is consistent with the one proposed elsewhere in the Maghreb allowing us to propose a unified view of the geodynamic evolution of the whole Atlas system during this period.The negative inversion recorded during Oligocene-Early Miocene along with the occurrence of synsedimentary normal faults are related to an increase of the subsidence rate in the frame of continuous shortening coeval to basin formation in the front of the Atlas. The whole Oligo-Miocene evolution results from two different mechanisms: flexuration in the front of the Atlas and the onset of the extension of the Pantelleria-Linosa-Malta rift system of central Mediterranean, which attained a climax stage later during Pliocene-Quaternary.     

Occurrence and biomarker potential of 23-methyl steroids in diatoms and sediments

23-Methyl sterols have been reported to be synthesized by a few marine algae, but unambiguous identification of 23-methyl steroids in sediments and petroleum is lacking. We report the presence of 23-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol in 14 out of 106 diatom cultures, thereby showing that diatoms, together with dinoflagellates, may be an important environmental source for such steroids. Synthesis of authentic 23-methylcholestanes showed that their mass spectra are identical to those of 24-methylcholestanes, but that they elute earlier on apolar stationary phases during gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Co-injection of the authentic standards with sediment extracts revealed the presence of these compounds in the Skole unit of the Oligocene Menelite Formation, the Miocene Monterey Formation and the Messinian Vena del Gesso Formation. In addition, we tentatively identified 23,24-dimethyl-27-norcholestanes in some of these sediments. Molecular clock calculations suggest that diatoms are a possible source for 23-methyl steroids in sediments and petroleum from the late Jurassic onwards.     

Discovery and Analysis of Shale Gas in a Carboniferous Reservoir and its Enrichment Characteristics in the Northern Nanpanjiang Depression,Guizhou Province,China

Shale gas resources are considered to be extremely abundant in southern China, which has dedicated considerable attention to shale gas exploration in recent years. Exploration of shale gas has considerably progressed and several breakthroughs have been made in China. However, shale gas explorations are still scarce. Summary and detailed analysis studies on black shale reservoirs are still to be performed for many areas. This lack of information slows the progress of shale gas explorations and results in low quantities of stored black shale. The Carboniferous Dawuba Formation, which is widely distributed and considerably thick, is one of the black shale formations targeted for shale gas exploration in southern China in the recent years. The acquisition and analysis of total organic carbon, vitrinite reflectance,types of organic matter, mineral composition, porosity, and permeability are basic but important processes. In addition, we analyzed the microscopic pores present in the shale. This study also showesd the good gas content of the Dawuba Formation, as well as the geological factors affecting its gas content and other characteristics. To understand the prospect of exploration, we compared this with other shale reservoirs which have been already successfully explored for gas. Our comparison showesd that those shale reservoirs have similar but not identical geological characteristics.     

黔西南郭家湾新发现幻龙化石的埋藏特征及时代

1∶5万区域地质调查在黔西南郭家湾新发现了一处幻龙化石点。通过剖面测制,详细解剖了化石的异地埋藏特征,并依据区域地质填图和化石资料确定其时代为中三叠世安尼期。在此基础上,根据黔西南及邻区安尼期化石群的分布,结合岩相古地理分布特征,浅析了幻龙化石可能的物源,结果显示郭家湾一带为幻龙活动范围的可能性较大。该幻龙化石的发现及其时代的限定,为研究三叠纪海生爬行动物的演化和迁移提供了新的素材,具有重要的科学意义。     

论核工程选址中的弥散地震

弥散地震评价是核工程选址中地震安全性评价的重要内容之一。文中在分析弥散地震涵义的基础上,论述了弥散地震评价中地震构造区划分的原则和依据、弥散地震确定的方法和技术途径等关键性技术内容