车辆荷载作用下软土地基塑性变形的计算

对于低路堤公路,合理地预测车辆荷载引起的地基塑性累积变形对于低路堤公路的设计有着重要的意义。从机制上讲,可将地基的塑性应变分为塑性体积应变和塑性剪切应变。其中对于塑性体积应变,提出采用不排水条件下的残余孔压模型与一维固结理论相耦合进行计算;对于塑性剪切应变,考虑了塑性体积应变引起的土体硬化,提出了修正的塑性剪切应变计算模型。然后基于所提模型,对萧山黏土的不排水与排水条件下的动三轴试验进行模拟,初步验证了所提模型的有效性。对于实际工程问题,首先运用数值的方法求得车辆荷载在地基中引起的附加应力,然后运用所提模型计算各土层的塑性应变,再结合分层总和的方法求得地基的累积塑性变形。以日本佐贺机场1号测点为例,说明了模型在工程边值问题中的有效性。     

Investigating mid‐Ediacaran glaciation and final Gondwana amalgamation using coupled sedimentology and 40Ar/ 39Ar detrital muscovite provenance from the Paraguay Belt,Brazil

Understanding the evolution of the northern Paraguay Belt, Brazil, is critical in two current controversies: (i) the number, timing and significance of Ediacaran glaciations; and (ii) the timing of amalgamation of South American Gondwana. The Neoproterozoic Alto Paraguay Group forms much of the northern Paraguay Belt. The Serra Azul Formation, within this Group, contains unequivocal evidence for a glacial influence on sedimentation, including multi‐directional striations on sandstone clasts and striated, polished and bullet‐shaped mudstone clasts. However, the age of the Serra Azul Formation is not well‐constrained. The northern Paraguay Belt also formed after the traditionally accepted time for amalgamation of South American Gondwana. If the orogen represents closure of an ocean, then this traditional view is incorrect. A significant number of single grain ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar detrital muscovite cooling ages (ca 120) from the Alto Paraguay Group are presented. The three youngest grains from the Serra Azul Formation yield a weighted mean age of 640 ± 15 Myr, providing a robust maximum depositional age for this formation. This age, when considered with other data, suggests that the Serra Azul Formation developed in a mid‐Ediacaran glaciation consistent with that expressed in the Gaskiers Formation of Newfoundland, Canada. Cryogenian ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar detrital muscovite ages from the Alto Paraguay Group are hard to reconcile with the known geology of Amazonia and are interpreted as being sourced from the evolving orogen to the east – from an arc terrane, possibly the Goiás–Paranapanema Massif. Detrital muscovites in the upper part of the Alto Paraguay Group are as young as 544 ± 7 Myr, consistent with mounting evidence that indicates a Cambrian age for orogenesis within the Paraguay Belt during the final amalgamation of Gondwana. This article suggests that the data best support a model where ocean closure in the region continued until Ediacaran/Cambrian times, with final ocean closure represented by orogenesis in the Paraguay–Araguaia orogen.     

Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi,China

The Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in southern Shaanxi, China is a critical window for the understanding of the Cambrian explosion, because of abundant and various exceptionally preserved metazoans and embryo fossils yielded. The efficiency of traditional sample manually selecting with microscopes is quite low and hinder the discoveries of new species, thus recognition and classification of microfossils by artificial intelligence (AI) is substantially in the request. In this paper, we develop a procedure for fossil area segmentation in common multi-typed mixed photos by improved watershed algorithm. And for better fossil recognition, previous histogram of oriented grandient (HOG) algorithm is replaced by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), which is feasible for the segmented images and increase the accuracy significantly. Thus, the scope of application of AI fossil recognition can be extended form single fossil image to multi-typed mixed images and the reliability is also secured, as the result of our test presents a high (at least 84%) accuracy of fossil recognition.     

用trackRT进行实时GPS数据处理

利用trackRT实时定位模块对GPS连续站数据进行处理,得到测站的实时动态位移,精度水平方向约为1 cm、垂向约为2 cm;利用其RINEX模拟模块trackRTr对2011年日本Mw9.0地震的1 Hz GPS数据进行模拟实时处理,与事后处理结果较为一致;分析卫星轨道星历和基线长度对解算精度的影响,结果表明基线长度对解算精度影响较大。     

带压开采煤层底板的承压能力研究

通过实测资料揭示了煤层底板保护层在一定条件下存在导水和贮水的性能,并剖析了这种性能的水理性质和规律,阐明了起始水力梯度、消压强度、抗水压强度、临界突水系数在概念上的统一性;在此基础上,分析了煤矿突水的机理与模式;并指明了探测研究保护层这一特性在确定开采煤层底板抗水压能力和带压开采安全性等方面的重要意义。     

Seismic markers of the Messinian salinity crisis in the deep Ionian Basin

We conduct the seismic signal analysis on vintage and recently collected multichannel seismic reflection profiles from the Ionian Basin to characterize the deep basin Messinian evaporites. These evaporites were deposited in deep and marginal Mediterranean sedimentary basins as a consequence of the “salinity crisis” between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma, a basin-wide oceanographic and ecological crisis whose origin remains poorly understood. The seismic markers of the Messinian evaporites in the deep Mediterranean basins can be divided in two end-members, one of which is the typical “trilogy” of gypsum and clastics (Lower Unit – LU), halite (Mobile Unit – MU) and upper anhydrite and marl layers (Upper Unit – UU) traced in the Western Mediterranean Basins. The other end-member is a single MU unit subdivided in seven sub-units by clastic interlayers located in the Levant Basin. The causes of these different seismic expressions of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) appear to be related to a morphological separation between the two basins by the structural regional sill of the Sicily Channel. With the aid of velocity analyses and seismic imaging via prestack migration in time and depth domains, we define for the first time the seismic signature of the Messinian evaporites in the deep Ionian Basin, which differs from the known end-members. In addition, we identify different evaporitic depositional settings suggesting a laterally discontinuous deposition. With the information gathered we quantify the volume of evaporitic deposits in the deep Ionian Basin as 500,000 km³ ± 10%. This figure allows us to speculate that the total volume of salts in the Mediterranean basin is larger than commonly assumed. Different depositional units in the Ionian Basin suggest that during the MSC it was separated from the Western Mediterranean by physical thresholds, from the Po Plain/Northern Adriatic Basin, and the Levant Basin, likely reflecting different hydrological and climatic conditions. Finally, the evidence of erosional surfaces and V-shaped valleys at the top of the MSC unit, together with sharp evaporites pinch out on evaporite-free pre-Messinian structural highs, suggest an extreme Messinian Stage 3 base level draw down in the Ionian Basin. Such evidence should be carefully evaluated in the light of Messinian and post-Messinian vertical crustal movements in the area. The results of this study demonstrates the importance of extracting from seismic data the Messinian paleotopography, the paleomorphology and the detailed stratal architecture in the in order to advance in the understanding of the deep basins Messinian depositional environments.     

The 2012 Olympic Learning Legacy Agenda – the intentionalities of mobility for a new London model

This paper investigates the emergence of a Learning Legacy Agenda (LLA) in the wake of the London 2012 Olympic Games as a governmental tool for the dissemination of urban development and infrastructure project delivery best practice. Focusing on the inception, coordination and implementation of the LLA we outline the intentionalities of mobility that underpin its formation and appropriation and suggest how this points to the emergence of a new “London model” of development and governance. Three intentionalities of knowledge capture, public duty and extra-local salience are unpacked to demonstrate the range of ways in which the bureaucratically initiated LLA banner has been used by various development actors and organisations to validate their existing practices. The case study of the LLA as an institutionalised governance apparatus is used to analyse the impact of specific forms of social relations on the ways in which “models” are produced, what their content consists of, how dominant agendas and narratives co-evolve with the priorities of an assemblage of actors and the processes of selective abstraction used to curate particular messages and forms of fixed and potentially mobile knowledge, yet dubious claims of “learning”.     

贵州晚三叠世卡尼期周氏黔鱼龙(Qianichthyosaurus zhoui)性双形研究

本文对产于贵州兴义乌沙地区上三叠统卡尼阶法郎组瓦窑段中的17件鱼龙标本进行研究,认为本次研究标本均为Qianichthyosaurus zhoui。通过对其肢骨的定性及定量分析认为,Qianichthyosaurus zhoui在后肢形态上存在性双形现象。暨雄性后肢外形窄长,雌性后肢则相对宽短;雄性的股骨比肱骨长度略长,而雌性的股骨与肱骨长度相当;雄性股骨近端和远端相较于雌性更为膨大股骨远端宽度为中轴宽度的253倍,股骨长与股骨中轴的比值较大,通常大于35;雌性股骨近端和远端相较于雄性较小股骨远端宽度一般为中轴宽度的2倍左右,股骨长与股骨中轴的比例较小,比值约为3左右雌性第一跖骨面积较小且具有凹缺,雄性第一跖骨面积较大不具凹缺。     

Examining the rainfall–topography relationship using non-stationary modelling technique in semi-arid Aseer region,Saudi Arabia

The mountainous region of Aseer, corresponding to the Afromontane phytogeographic region, is an eco-sensitive zone and has complex relationship between topography and rainfall. The region is located inland of the red sea escarpment edge in the west. Therefore, rainfall can occur during any month of the year in the mountain of the high Aseer region when moist air forces up the escarpment from the red sea. Monitoring the rainfall data and its topographical elevation variable in Aseer region is an essential requirement for feasible and accurate rainfall-based data for different applications, such as hydrological and ecological resource management in rugged terrain and remote areas. The relationship of elevation and rainfall are spatially non-stationary, non-linear, scale dependent, and often modelled by conventional regression models. Therefore, a local modelling technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR), was applied to deal with non-stationary, non-linear, scale-dependent problems. The GWR using topoclimatic data (elevation and rainfall) to analyse the cumulative rainfall data for rainy months (March to June) of the 4 years estimated from CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations) product for Aseer region. The bandwidth (scale-size) of the Aseer region rainfall–elevation relationship has stabilised at round off 12 km. By selecting the suitable bandwidth, the spatial pattern of the rainfall–elevation relationship was significantly enhanced by using the GWR than the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. GWR local modelling techniques estimated well in terms of accuracy, predictive power and decreased residual autocorrelation. Additionally, GWR assesses the significance of local statistic at each location and identified the location of spatial clusters with local regression coefficients significantly improved as compared with global OLS model, thereby highlighting local variations. Therefore, the GWR, local modelling approach managed to produce more accurate estimates by taking into account local characteristics.     

The H Lyman-α emission line from the upper atmosphere of Jupiter: Parametric radiative transfer study and comparison with data

This study uses the adding-doubling radiative transfer method in which we take into account the curvature effect of the planetary atmosphere in order to test the sensitivity of the jovian Ly-α emission line in relation to H column density, eddy diffusion coefficient, frequency redistribution function for photon scattering, temperature vertical profile, and an added hot atomic H layer on the top of the atmosphere. We also focus here on developing new diagnostic tools that will help us to obtain more confidently the underlying thermospheric structure of Jupiter. First, using the brightness distribution for specific wavelength bands as proposed by Ben Jaffel et al. [Ben Jaffel, L., Magnan, C., Vidal-Madjar, A., 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 204, 319-326], we show that the spatial thickness of the atomic H layer above the homopause level can be measured directly as the separation between the vertical positions of respectively the line core and line wing optical limbs. This thickness also constrains the [H] column and the value KH of the eddy diffusion coefficient at the homopause level at the disc location under consideration. We also propose to refine the value of KH and [H], respectively, at a specific planetary latitude, using the Q ratio of the limb peak brightness to the intensity from other regions over the planetary disc. Finally, the relationship between the disc brightness distribution from specific wavelength bands of the emission line and the temperature gradient in the thermosphere is demonstrated, thus providing an accurate tool to access this key information from high resolution observations. Quick, preliminary comparisons with some existing HTS/STIS data show the H layer thickness at auroral latitudes (∼1700 km) is much smaller than at equatorial latitudes (∼3900 km). These results strongly support the existence of a gradient in both H density and KH versus latitude, with higher values of KH at high latitudes and higher values of the H density at the equatorial regions. Such a small H layer thickness at auroral latitudes is consistent with a high mixing in the atmosphere that brings the hydrocarbons upwards, reducing consequently the column of hydrogen that scatters photons. These preliminary results show the strength of the proposed approach and open new horizons to use strong resonant emission lines at high resolution as a diagnostic for the state and structure of planetary upper atmospheres.