克里格法在整理放射性水化学区调资料中的应用

本文对东北地区5706km~2范围内的放射件水化学详细区调资料用克里格法进行了电算处理,编制了1:20万铀水文地球化学图件。用克里格法对水中铀含量进行变异结构分析、确定异常结构(方向,大小),然后,再进行克里格估值。编图效果显著。     

全球地球化学数据管理系统:“化学地球”软件研制

"数字地球"已经提出多年,是20世纪末期问世的定量化研究地球的一个新的战略方向。通过借鉴Google Earth,地质学界提出了建设One Geology和OGS-Earth多层次多学科应用平台的概念。进一步提出构建基于化学元素在地壳的分布可视化,建立"化学地球"或者叫做"元素地球"(命名为Chemical Earth),能直观地揭示地壳中元素的分布,反映出不同大地构造单元元素时空分布、演化历史和矿床的物质背景。本项研究主要完成两个方面的内容:(1)研发一个基于ArcGIS Server二维和三维统一的"化学地球"软件平台,类似于谷歌地球(Google Earth)的数字地球软件平台,实现对地球化学数据和图形适时进行二维(平面)和三维(球面)联动;(2)建立地球化学数据库和提供图形化工具,实现对数据库进行多种方式的查询统计,如对不同尺度地球化学图的显示、图形与数据交互查询和采样信息查询等。     

Development of Rock Bolt Elements in Two-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis

Computer modeling can be used to explore and gain new insights into the impacts of rock bolt intersecting joints in rock masses, and to estimate the effectiveness of the rock reinforcement system. In order to achieve this goal, we couple a rock bolt element into the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA^2D) program. The coupling algorithm is based on the analytically-derived interface behavior between a rock bolt and the rock material for grouted rock bolts. The shear force generated by slippage along the interface is assumed to have a linear relationship with respect to the relative slipping distance between the rock bolt and the rock. The linear elastic criterion is applied to determine the material behavior of rock bolts before the axial stress reaches the yield value. The pullout tests are simulated to verify the coupling algorithm and the effects of the proposed rock bolt elements. Parametrical studies are also carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the rock bolts under various end conditions, joint locations and bond stiffness. In addition, the performance of the rock bolt during the interface debonding is analyzed using two types of constitutive laws, i.e., the friction law and the reduction law. The simulation results show that the proposed rock bolt models can predict the shear forces and axial loading along the rock bolts.     

南海西南次海盆两侧陆缘中生代晚期构造接触关系

为探究南海西南次海盆两侧陆缘地块在中生代晚期构造接触关系及其对南海形成演化的影响,利用过南海西南次海盆两侧陆缘采集的地球物理资料以及公开发表的数据资料,对两侧陆缘的地壳结构及前新生界构造变形特征进行了研究.研究结果显示,西南次海盆两侧陆缘的地壳结构及物质组成存在差异,属于性质不同的两个微地块;两侧陆缘前新生代地层在晚中...     

Controls on the isotopic composition of surface water and precipitation in the Northern Andes, Colombian Eastern Cordillera

Empirical datasets provide the constraints on the variability and causes of variability in stable isotope compositions (δD or δ¹⁸O) of surface water and precipitation that are essential not only for models of modern and past climate but also for investigations of paleoelevation. This study presents stable isotope data for 76 samples from four elevation transects and three IAEA GNIP stations in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and the northern Andean foreland. These data are largely consistent with theories of stable isotope variability developed based on a global dataset. On a monthly basis, the precipitation-amount effect exerts the dominant control on δD_p and δ¹⁸O_p values at the IAEA GNIP stations. At the Bogotá station (2547 m), the δD_p and δ¹⁸O_p values vary seasonally, with isotopic minima correlating with maxima in precipitation-amount. Although surface water samples from Eastern Cordilleran streams and rivers fall on the Global Meteoric Water Line, samples from three of four lakes (2842–3459 m) have evaporatively elevated δD_sw and δ¹⁸O_sw values. The IAEA GNIP station data averaged over multiple years, combined with stream and river water data, define vertical lapse rates of −1.8‰ km⁻¹ for Δδ¹⁸O and −14.6‰ km⁻¹ for ΔδD, and are a close fit to a common thermodynamically based Rayleigh distillation model. Elevation uncertainties for these relationships are also evaluated. Comparison of this Colombian dataset with the elevation uncertainties generated by the thermodynamically based model shows that the model underestimates uncertainty at high Δδ¹⁸O and ΔδD values while overestimating it for low Δδ¹⁸O and ΔδD values. This study presents an independent, empirical assessment of stable isotope-based elevation uncertainties for the northern Andes based on a dataset of sufficient size to ensure statistical integrity. These vertical lapse rates and associated uncertainties form the basis for stable isotope paleoelevation studies in the northern Andes.     

改型后的D/max-ⅢB型衍射仪定性检索与多重绘图简介

本文介绍了改型后的D/max—ⅢB衍射仪定性检索与多重绘图的基本原理,操作方法及其应用,总结了仪器软件的基本性能和特点。     

胶莱盆地含金性研究

胶莱盆地含金性前人未作研究,通过近几年研究,发现盆地中具有中等规模的金矿床及一些金矿点、金矿化点,预测盆地还存在更大规模的金矿床。     

Retrieval of remotely sensed air–sea carbon flux in the Chinese Bohai Sea

ABSTRACT

Having a reliable ocean carbon flux (f(CO₂)) retrieval model is essential to monitoring the global carbon cycle and to evaluating the climate change. Remote sensing techniques provide alternatives for f(CO₂) retrieval with its advantages of wide area surveys and real-time monitoring. In the present study, a semianalytical f(CO₂) estimation model was developed based on remote sensing data and in situ measurements in the Chinese Bohai Sea. The used model performed well (R²?=?0.84) in deriving f(CO₂) based on the collected remotely sensed dataset, including sea surface temperature, estimated sea surface salinity, wind speed, Chl-a concentration. The results showed that the distribution of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p(CO₂)) and f(CO₂) varied spatially and temporally during the 12 months in 2009. The spatial fluctuations of p(CO₂) and f(CO₂) in Bohai Sea in summer and autumn were more obvious than that in Spring and Winter. The highest values of p(CO₂) and f(CO₂) generally appeared in coastal regions. Moreover, the average f(CO₂) value of the 12 months showed that the Bohai Sea performed as a weak carbon source in 2009. The results provided technical and data support for carbon management and climate negotiation in the Bohai Sea.     

基于船载ADCP观测的红沿河核电站周边海域潮流–余流的分离计算

基于红沿河核电站取水口周边海域3个不同断面的船载ADCP短期重复走航观测资料,采用传统调和分析方法和L曲线方法对该资料进行潮流–余流分离计算,并通过对比潮流特征、分析水团运动和余流流向的关系,以及对分离后的潮流与余流进行回报,验证L曲线方法对观测时间较短、重复次数不多的走航ADCP资料进行潮流分离的合理性与有效性。结果表明：(1)应用L曲线方法分离的潮流特征与以往的观测结果较为一致,该方法可有效分离半日潮流与全日潮流,但本文采用的数据长度小于1个典型全日潮周期长度,故整个全日潮族以及区内流场动力方面的分析结果尚存不合理之处,还需采用观测时间较长、重复次数较多的走航观测资料改进;(2)分离后的余流近岸向南、离岸向北的分布,符合观测海域的温盐要素分布,余流结果具有合理性;(3) L曲线方法的回归值与实测瞬时流速线性拟合的相关程度较高,均方根误差为6 cm/s左右,相对误差百分比约为10%。该方法可拓展并推广到近海其他关键断面走航流速观测的潮流分离中,以获得流速特征与物质输运通量等重要信息。     

海参再生的研究

海参（sea cucumber,Holothurians）属于棘皮动物门海参纲,分布世界各地不同深度的海底。全世界约有900多种海参,可供食用的约有40种。中国海域约有100多种海参,可供食用的约有20种,其中有10种具有较高的商品价值。