月面反射器观测位置的高精度预报

本文利用JPL的DE303/LE303星历表建立了一套预报月面反射器相对于地面观测站位置的计算机程序,并对预报精度作了估计,结果表明预报精度达到毫角秒级。     

有关内蒙古地质构造的一线之见——江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段研究报道之一

本文概述了江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段——包头至满都拉的地质观察结果。内容包括从太古宙乌拉山群到第四系、基底构造到新构造特征的七个方面。重点论述了渣尔泰群和白云鄂博群的构造性质,它们约在14亿年前才褶皱回返,代表了华北地台基底固结最迟的地段。造成这一事件的构造运动,拟称为色尔腾运动。此外,还讨论了华北地台北侧陆缘区加里东期和华力西期的构造     

Climatology of Cloud-base Height from Long-term Radiosonde Measurements in China

Clouds are critical to the global radiation budget and hydrological cycle, but knowledge is still poor concerning the observed climatology of cloud-base height(CBH) in China. Based on fine-resolution sounding observations from the China Radiosonde Network(CRN), the method used to estimate CBH was modified, and uncertainty analyses indicated that the CBH is good enough. The accuracy of CBH estimation is verified by the comparison between the sounding-derived CBHs and those estimated from the micro-pulse lidar and millimeter-wave cloud radar. As such, the CBH climatology was compiled for the period 2006–16. Overall, the CBH exhibits large geographic variability across China, at both 0800 Local Standard Time(LST) and 2000 LST, irrespective of season. In addition, the summertime cloud base tends to be elevated to higher altitudes in dry regions [i.e., Inner Mongolia and the North China Plain(NCP)]. By comparison, the Tibetan Plateau(TP),Pearl River Delta(PRD) and Sichuan Basin(SCB) have relatively low CBHs( 2.4 km above ground level). In terms of seasonality, the CBH reaches its maximum in summer and minimum in winter. A low cloud base tends to occur frequently( 70%) over the TP, PRD and SCB. In contrast, at most sites over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and the NCP, about half the cloud belongs to the high-cloud category. The CBH does not exhibit marked diurnal variation in summer, throughout all CRN sites, probably due to the persistent cloud coverage caused by the East Asia Summer Monsson. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CBH climatology produced from sounding measurements in China, and provides a useful reference for obtaining observational cloud base information.     

西南涡影响下汉中盆地一次暴雨过程MCC雷达特征

利用多普勒雷达、NECP再分析、常规观测和自动站降水资料,对2015年6月28—29日西南涡影响下发生在汉中盆地的暴雨天气进行分析,探究了西南涡的中小尺度系统特征。本次暴雨过程是在850hPa西南涡影响下,伴随700hPa低空急流和对流层顶的高空辐散共同作用下产生的。强降水区集中在西南涡东北部的佛坪和镇巴两站。雷达强度场上,在西南涡的东北部有超级单体结构发展,对应两个强降水中心,超级单体持续1.5~2h左右,最强回波强度达58dBz。速度场上,超级单体伴随有深厚中气旋,两次暴雨过程中,中气旋分别位于超级单体的西南侧和中心,并在镇巴有带状逆风区存在。分析表明,由西南涡所诱发的中尺度对流复合体(MCC)中包含的超级单体是造成佛坪70.9mm/h和镇巴32.1mm/h强暴雨的直接原因,汉中盆地暴雨的发展与减弱直接受到超级单体风暴强弱的控制。     

两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地的适用性

基于ASD（automated statistical downscaling）统计降尺度模型提供的多元线性回归和岭回归两种统计降尺度方法,采用RCP4.5（representative concentration pathways 4.5）和RCP8.5情景下全球气候模式MPI-ESM-LR输出的预报因子数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和秦岭山地周边10个气象站观测数据,评估两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地的适用性及预估秦岭山地未来3个时期（2006-2040年、2041-2070年和2071-2100年）的平均气温和降水。结果表明:率定期和验证期内,两种统计降尺度方法均可以较好地模拟研究区域的平均气温和降水的变化特征,且多元线性回归的模拟效果优于岭回归。在未来气候情景下,两种统计降尺度方法预估的研究区域平均气温均呈明显上升趋势,气温增幅随辐射强迫增加而增大。降水方面,21世纪未来3个时期降水均呈不明显减少趋势,但季节分配发生变化。综合考虑两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地对平均气温和降水的模拟效果和情景预估结果,认为多元线性回归降尺度方法更适用于秦岭山地气候变化的降尺度预估研究。     

Earth Summit Mission 2022: Scientific Expedition and Research on Mt. Qomolangma Helps Reveal the Synergy between Westerly Winds and Monsoon and the Resulting Climatic and Environmental Effects

“Earth summit mission 2022” is one of the landmark scientific research activities of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP). This scientific expedition firstly used advanced technology and methods to detect vertical meteorological elements and produce forecasts for mountain climbing. The “Earth summit mission 2022”Qomolangma scientific expedition exceeded an altitude of over 8000 meters for the first time and carried out a comprehensive scientific investigation missi...     

Application of allochthonous organic carbon and phosphorus forms in the interpretation of past environmental conditions

Organic matter in sediments, for instance, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, can be used to reconstruct the paleoecological and pollution history of lakes and their catchment basins. In this paper, the contents of allochthonous organic carbon (allochthonous OC) and autochthonous organic carbon (autochthonous OC) in sediment cores taken from Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake in northern China are quantified by using a binary model, and phosphorus forms in the sediment cores from the two lakes are extracted by sequential extraction techniques. The results indicate that the palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate of Daihai Lake and its catchment basin in the recent 250 years can be well reconstructed based on the content of allochthonous OC. The climate was relatively humid and warm in the period of 1865–2005, while relatively dry and cold in the period of 1765–1865. The sedimentary information of allochthonous OC in the 22–42-cm portion of the sediment cores in Daihai Lake corresponds to the final cold fluctuation of the Little Ice Age that occurred since the Middle Holocene. The difference of phosphorus forms in the sediment cores between the two lakes indicates that phosphorus input to the lakes and the correlation between phosphorus forms and distribution and the changes of environment are influenced by the eutrophication mechanisms and environmental conditions of the two lakes.     

基于构件的地理信息系统应用软件开发模型研究

构件技术是软件复用的主要发展方向之一，本文在介绍构件及其相关技术的基础上，提出了基于可重用构件的地理信息系统应用软件的体系结构和开发模型，并对其中的基本技术问题作了讨论，解决了在GIS应用软件系统的开发中如何采用构件技术的问题。     

Dinosaur Footprints of Early Cretaceous in Site 1 ,Yanguoxia ,Yongjing Country ,Gansu Province

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三元体系Mg~(2 )/Cl~-,Borate—H_2O25℃相关系和溶液性质的研究

用等温溶解法测定了Mg2+／Cl-，Borate-H2O三元体系25℃时的溶解度．此三元体系等温溶解度图为简单共饱型，它的平衡固相分别为三方硼镁石（Mg2B12O20·15H2O）和MgCl2·6H2O，未产生新的复盐或固溶体。拟合了MgB6O10随MgCl2浓度变化的溶解度曲线方程，并且对平稳溶液的物化性质（密度、粘度、折光率、电导、pH值）进行了测定，用半经验公式描述了一些物化性质随浓度的变化规律，结果令人满意。