破冰结构角度对整冰失效模式的影响分析

破冰船破冰过程中整冰的失效模式对于冰载荷的估算十分重要。本文基于力学方法分析了破冰船破冰过程中破冰结构与整冰的相互作用,得到了影响冰体失效的冰力分量与破冰结构参数的表达关系,进而确认冰摩擦系数以及坡度角与冰体失效模式的关系。依据北极海冰的摩擦系数范围,指出当破冰船破冰结构坡度角小于70°时,冰体发生弯曲破坏,当坡度角处于70°—82°时,冰体同时发生弯曲和挤压失效,当坡度角大于82°时,冰体仅发生挤压失效,同时给出了不同失效模式下冰力的计算方法。     

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包头地区风能资源分布特征分析

利用1979—2008年包头地区各气象站近30年地面观测的风资料,对各地区平均风速、最大风速和风能资源进行了统计计算,给出了包头各地的平均风速、最大风速和风能资源的分布特征,为包头地区合理开发和利用风能资源提供依据。     

我国低序次扭动构造体系控油模式研究

以地质力学理论为指导,通过开展塔里木、准噶尔-吐哈、走廊、鄂尔多斯、四川、松辽、渤海湾等8个（地区）构造体系控油作用研究,深刻认识到油气田分布主要受各类低序次扭动构造体系的控制,在此基础上,发展和建立了五类低序次扭动构造体系控油模式,包括帚状构造体系、旋扭构造体系、雁列构造体系、入字型构造体系和反"S"型构造体系。文章分别以具体典型实例系统概述了其各类低序次构造体系的形成特征、油气成藏条件及分布规律,认为构造体系的形成受不同构造环境和应力场控制;不同低序次扭动构造控制油气田分布规律各异。这些控油模式的建立对当前和今后油气勘探和油气田发现有重要指导意义。      

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中寒武统张夏组颗粒滩沉积特征及控制因素*

碳酸盐岩颗粒滩是一种十分重要的油气储集体。综合野外露头剖面、岩心、测井、录井及薄片资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区中寒武统张夏组颗粒滩沉积特征、分布规律及控制因素进行分析。结果表明:研究区张夏组碳酸盐岩颗粒滩沉积广泛发育,以鲕粒滩为典型代表的颗粒滩沉积占绝对优势;颗粒滩岩性主要为颗粒石灰岩、颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩3种,颗粒类型主要有鲕粒、生屑、砾屑和砂屑等;颗粒滩纵向上通常表现为下细上粗的反旋回序列,多期旋回垂向叠置,形成相当厚度规模的颗粒滩沉积。结合鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪岩相古地理特征,认为研究区颗粒滩发育特征及平面展布规律受海平面相对变化、基底古地貌及构造活动综合控制,尤其是鄂尔多斯盆地南部寒武纪近北东向裂陷槽的发育,对张夏组台地边缘带鲕粒滩发育及分布的控制作用更为显著。     

南海北部表层颗粒有机碳的季节和年际变化遥感分析

海洋颗粒有机碳（POC）是海洋固碳的一个关键参数。为了研究南海北部陆架及海盆表层POC浓度的时空分布特征以及变化趋势,本文利用2009-2011年4个季节的实测数据,对NASA发布的MODIS/AQUA卫星月平均POC遥感产品,进行了验证和校正;并利用校正后的遥感数据分析了2003-2014年POC的时空分布特征和变化趋势。发现POC遥感产品与南海北部实测数据具有较好的线性关系（R2=0.72）,但存在系统性偏高,需利用实测数据对遥感数据进行区域性校正。分析校正后的遥感数据发现,南海北部陆架POC浓度较高,平均为（33.34±8.02）mg/m3;吕宋海峡西南海域浓度较低,平均为（29.25±6.20）mg/m3;中央海盆区浓度最低,平均为（27.02±4.84）mg/m3。春夏季POC浓度较低,最低值一般出现在5月,冬季（12月至翌年1月）POC浓度达到最高。利用2003-2014年的长时间序列遥感叶绿素（Chl a）和海表温度（SST）、混合层深度（MLD）模式数据,以及实测数据对南海北部POC浓度的影响机制进行了分析。发现POC与Chl a在秋冬呈现较好的相关关系（R2=0.51）,但在春夏季较离散,表明秋冬季生物作用对POC影响较大。2003-2014年期间,POC与Chl a、MLD及SST存在明显的年际变化,但并没有显著的上升或下降趋势。     

基于羟基自由基高级氧化快速杀灭锥状斯氏藻孢囊的研究

随着船舶压载水的转运,我国面临严重的外来入侵生物风险,其中部分赤潮藻形成的孢囊可成为赤潮的"种源",严重危害近岸海洋环境,因而快速有效地杀灭赤潮藻孢囊至关重要。本文利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基（·OH）,对典型赤潮藻锥状斯氏藻孢囊进行杀灭研究。采用萌发实验、SYTOX Green荧光染色法确定·OH杀灭锥状斯氏藻孢囊的阈值和时间,扫描电子显微镜观察孢囊的形态变化。结果表明,·OH杀灭孢囊的CT阈值为0.49 mg·min/L,时间为10 s,·OH氧化降解孢囊体内叶绿素,破坏DNA,抑制萌发,具有其他方法无法比拟的优势。因此,·OH快速杀灭赤潮藻孢囊的新方法,对防控外来入侵生物引发的海洋赤潮灾害具有重要的作用。     

外源NO对野生早熟禾幼苗抗寒性的影响

以野生草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）和硬质早熟禾（Poa sphondylodes）为材料,通过人工室内模拟低温逆境胁迫,研究外源一氧化氮（NO）供体亚硝基铁氰化钠（硝普钠,SNP）对低温胁迫下野生早熟禾幼苗生长、渗透调节和抗氧化系统的影响,探讨外源NO提高早熟禾抗寒性的生理机制。结果表明,低温胁迫下：0~700 μmol·L^-1浓度范围内,随SNP浓度的增大,两个供试材料的地上生物量和生长速度先增大后减小,相对膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、游离脯氨酸（F-Pro）含量先减小后增大,可溶性糖（SS）和可溶性蛋白（SP）含量先增加后减小,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先增强后减弱;高浓度NO产生伤害,低浓度NO则有保护作用;SNP浓度100 μmol·L^-1时,膜脂过氧化水平最低,渗透调节物质积累最多,保护酶活性最强,对低温胁迫的缓解效果最佳。硬质早熟禾对低温胁迫下外源NO的缓解较草地早熟禾敏感。     

Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea Using Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (EEMs) and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC)

Compositions and concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been determined in the Bohai Sea (BS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) in the summer and autumn in 2013 by excitation and emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The PARAFAC model identified three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3) and one protein-like component (C4). CDOM exhibited higher fluorescence intensities in the coastal areas in both the summer and autumn. However, its distribution patterns were different in the two seasons. Based on spatial and seasonal distributions of four components, as well as correlations with salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), the following assignments were made. The C1, C2, and C3 components were mainly dominated by terrestrial inputs and influenced by the primary productivity of phytoplankton in the summer as well. C4 was assigned to terrestrial and autochthonous origins and most likely represented a biologically labile component. Terrestrial inputs were the dominant source of CDOM in the BS and YS. The humification index (HIX) and biological index (BIX) suggested that CDOM in the BS was more stable than that in the YS, which had an increase in autochthonous production, and in the summer, CDOM was less stable with a higher CDOM autochthonous production compared with that in the autumn.     

Catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate by Ce-substituted goethite

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments due to extensively used as plasticizer, which has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate was performed using Ce-substituted goethite as a novel catalyst, which was prepared by isomorphous substitution method. The specific surface area, pHpzc and surface hydroxyl density of the catalyst were determined. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The removal efficiency of DMP was almost 100% after 30 min, and about 40% DMP was mineralized after 60 min, which was nearly four times higher than single ozonation. During catalytic ozonation process, anions (PO₄ ^3?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?) affected DMP degradation, indicating that surface hydroxyl groups on the surface of catalyst were main active sites. The electron transfer process by redox reaction between Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ was proposed, and their interaction could also promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Ce-substituted goethite was an efficient catalyst for degradation of DMP by catalytic ozonation.