用于岩层监测的自动水准测量方法

为地下煤矿的开采发展了一种精密的水准测量技术。借助于辅助设备，它已成功地用于矿房、矿柱的采准及回采期间顶板下沉的监测。本文详细介绍了仪器设备和操作方法，并列出该系统综合试验成果及总体精度。     

用MapInfo软件实现地震震中县乡一级地名的快速检索

在大震地震速报时 ,通常不仅需要迅速确定地震的三要素 ,各级政府和有关部门还需要尽快知道震中的地名 ,以迅速采取相应的措施。另外 ,各省地震局上报中国地震局的快报和月报也要求给出乡 (镇 )一级的地名。目前 ,多数省的地震部门在确定地震震中地名时 ,采用的是根据所定位地震的经纬度在地图上查找地名的方法 ,既繁琐费时 ,又容易出错。本文介绍的是利用目前最流行的地理信息系统 ( GIS)软件 Map Info及开发工具 Map Basic,快速精确的确定出地震震中到县和乡 (镇 )一级地名的方法。1　GIS软件 Map Info及开发工具 Map BasicMap Inf…     

Environmental impacts of dredging and other sediment disturbances on corals: A review

A review of published literature on the sensitivity of corals to turbidity and sedimentation is presented, with an emphasis on the effects of dredging. The risks and severity of impact from dredging (and other sediment disturbances) on corals are primarily related to the intensity, duration and frequency of exposure to increased turbidity and sedimentation. The sensitivity of a coral reef to dredging impacts and its ability to recover depend on the antecedent ecological conditions of the reef, its resilience and the ambient conditions normally experienced. Effects of sediment stress have so far been investigated in 89 coral species (～10% of all known reef-building corals). Results of these investigations have provided a generic understanding of tolerance levels, response mechanisms, adaptations and threshold levels of corals to the effects of natural and anthropogenic sediment disturbances. Coral polyps undergo stress from high suspended-sediment concentrations and the subsequent effects on light attenuation which affect their algal symbionts. Minimum light requirements of corals range from <1% to as much as 60% of surface irradiance. Reported tolerance limits of coral reef systems for chronic suspended-sediment concentrations range from <10mgL(-1) in pristine offshore reef areas to >100mgL(-1) in marginal nearshore reefs. Some individual coral species can tolerate short-term exposure (days) to suspended-sediment concentrations as high as 1000mgL(-1) while others show mortality after exposure (weeks) to concentrations as low as 30mgL(-1). The duration that corals can survive high turbidities ranges from several days (sensitive species) to at least 5-6weeks (tolerant species). Increased sedimentation can cause smothering and burial of coral polyps, shading, tissue necrosis and population explosions of bacteria in coral mucus. Fine sediments tend to have greater effects on corals than coarse sediments. Turbidity and sedimentation also reduce the recruitment, survival and settlement of coral larvae. Maximum sedimentation rates that can be tolerated by different corals range from <10mgcm(-2)d(-1) to >400mgcm(-2)d(-1). The durations that corals can survive high sedimentation rates range from <24h for sensitive species to a few weeks (>4weeks of high sedimentation or >14days complete burial) for very tolerant species. Hypotheses to explain substantial differences in sensitivity between different coral species include the growth form of coral colonies and the size of the coral polyp or calyx. The validity of these hypotheses was tested on the basis of 77 published studies on the effects of turbidity and sedimentation on 89 coral species. The results of this analysis reveal a significant relationship of coral sensitivity to turbidity and sedimentation with growth form, but not with calyx size. Some of the variation in sensitivities reported in the literature may have been caused by differences in the type and particle size of sediments applied in experiments. The ability of many corals (in varying degrees) to actively reject sediment through polyp inflation, mucus production, ciliary and tentacular action (at considerable energetic cost), as well as intraspecific morphological variation and the mobility of free-living mushroom corals, further contribute to the observed differences. Given the wide range of sensitivity levels among coral species and in baseline water quality conditions among reefs, meaningful criteria to limit the extent and turbidity of dredging plumes and their effects on corals will always require site-specific evaluations, taking into account the species assemblage present at the site and the natural variability of local background turbidity and sedimentation.     

济南白泉泉群形成机理研究

白泉泉群位于济南市历城区,有花泉、柳叶泉等20余处。20世纪五六十年代,因泉群四溢,形成一片开阔水域,泉群周围稻香四飘,荷塘遍地,因其独特的出露方式,在济南众多泉水中具有十分重要的地位。白泉泉域是一个相对独立的水文地质单元,南部以地表分水岭为界;北部以石炭、二叠系与岩浆岩接触带为界;东、西边界分别为相对阻水的文祖断裂和东坞断裂,总面积为783.48 km2。其南部山区大面积的寒武-奥陶纪石灰岩,大气降水在此入渗并向北径流,在王舍人、济钢附近遇到石炭、二叠系和岩浆岩体阻隔,在第四系薄弱处涌出地表。该文以前人所做的大量地质、水文地质工作为基础,从地貌、地层、构造、补给等条件入手深入分析研究了济南白泉泉群的形成机理,从而为白泉泉群的保护提供科学的地质依据。     

Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of the timeline of chronic exposure of Barrow's goldeneyes to residual Exxon Valdez oil

We examined hepatic EROD activity, as an indicator of CYP1A induction, in Barrow’s goldeneyes captured in areas oiled during the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and those from nearby unoiled areas. We found that average EROD activity differed between areas during 2005, although the magnitude of the difference was reduced relative to a previous study from 1996/1997, and we found that areas did not differ by 2009. Similarly, we found that the proportion of individuals captured from oiled areas with elevated EROD activity (?2 times unoiled average) declined from 41% in winter 1996/1997 to 10% in 2005 and 15% in 2009. This work adds to a body of literature describing the timelines over which vertebrates were exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil and indicates that, for Barrow’s goldeneyes in Prince William Sound, exposure persisted for many years with evidence of substantially reduced exposure by 2 decades after the spill.     

一种新型的建筑物修复或抗震加固方法

叙述了采用高强度纤维／环氧树脂复合材料对建筑物进行修复或抗震加固方法的特点、施工方法,实例表明该方法有广泛的应用前景,指出,该方法对保证人民财产安全及搞好防震减灾工作有积极作用。     

潜在震源区震级上限对基岩加速度反应谱特征周期的影响

地震学理论和强震观测者表明,强震反应谱在形状主要取决于震级、震中距和场地条件。由于我国现行的各种行业建筑物抗震设计规范中对标准加速度反应谱特征周期Ｔｇ作出的规定中一般只考虑场地和震中距的影响或只考虑场地影响,因此在某些情况下,由规范所得到的反应谱特征周期与由专门的地震危险性分析所得到的结果相差较大。本文通过理论分析和实际的算例,讨论了潜在震源区震级上限对基岩加速度反应谱特征周期的影响。所得到的结论     

中国东部地壳、上地幔横波品质因子的三维层析成像

根据中国７６３ 长周期地震台网的数据, 从中选取出４３ 条对中国大陆东部覆盖较好的双台Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ 波垂直向记录, 运用改进的多重滤波法, 提取震中到台站路径的群速度频散和振幅谱信息, 进而求出每一双台大圆路经的面波衰减因子． 采用Ｔａｌｅｎｔｏｌａ 概率反演得到不同周期面波衰减因子的分布, 根据上述衰减因子分布, 再反演出中国大陆东部地壳、上地幔横波品质因子的三维Ｑβ结构． 层析结果显示： 华北地区地壳、上地幔的Ｑβ结构与地震活动性有密切的联系; 在陕南秦岭段的南缘, Ｑβ结构显示出扬子块体碰撞并俯冲于华北块体之下的迹象． 扬子准地台的大部份地区在８８ ｋｍ 的深度表现为一明显的高Ｑβ区, 四川台坳区的东部、黔川交界地区以及位于黔湘交界附近的江南地块, 地壳中Ｑβ值的横向变化小, 上地幔顶部存在一不小于４０ ｋｍ 厚的高Ｑβ层, 上地幔约在９０ ｋｍ 的深度开始出现低Ｑβ层; 位于滇黔交界地区的滇黔褶断区, 壳幔边界处Ｑβ值的纵向变化小, 上地幔顶部有一厚约４０ ｋｍ 的低Ｑβ层, 约在９５ ｋｍ 的深度上开始出现上地幔低Ｑβ层; 扬子准地台的东部以及华南褶皱系的中、东部, 莫霍面起伏小, 地壳中Ｑβ值的横向变化小, 上地幔约在８５ ｋｍ      

西大别南缘印支期吕王-高桥-永佳河构造混杂岩带的厘定及其构造意义

在西大别造山带的区调工作中,新识别出一系列中元古代末-新元古代的岩石-构造单元,它们沿着吕王-高桥-永佳河一线展布,并构成一条NNW-SEE向展布的构造混杂岩带.该混杂岩带主要由超镁铁质-镁铁质岩、硅泥质岩、石英质岩、大理岩、含碳陆源碎屑岩、双峰式火山岩以及卷入其中的榴辉岩等多种变质岩块(片)共同组成,并赋存于一套遭受...