首届全苏地震预报生物学观点研讨会概况

首届全苏地震预报生物学观点研讨会是由俄罗斯科学院地球物理研究所和巴甫洛夫生理研究所与乌克兰科学院南方海洋生物研究所共同主办的,已于1991年4月21—28日在克里米亚召开。现将这届研讨会的情况综合介绍如下。漫长的人类历史积累了关于震前各种动物反常行为的大量资料。世界各地都在有目的地     

在苏联埃里温西南区新居住区一幢住宅内的“地震”

清晨,在埃里温西南区一片新居住区的一幢16层住宅楼内,混凝土墙壁颤抖,窗玻璃发出响声,地板在脚下晃动。Ⅶ至Ⅶ度半(烈度)的强烈震动持续了几乎9分钟。然而,城市居民却未感觉到土地振动。这是怎么回事?是地震吗?是的,但只不过是预先安排好的。震动源是住宅建设联合企业工地上的一个大功率振动台。起重机把一个许多吨重的庞然大物安放在一幢建筑物的屋顶     

Biofouling confounds the uptake of trace organic contaminants by semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs)

The outer layers of layflat, low density polyethylene plastic tubing (the principal component of semi-permeable membrane devices, SPMDs) were biofouled at a clean site in Hong Kong coastal waters for periods of 1–4 weeks. Following pre-fouling, triolein was added to the SPMDs and, along with control (unfouled) devices, they were exposed to a range of organochlorine pesticides (-HCH, aldrin, p,p^′-DDT) and PAHs (anthracene, fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the uptake of contaminants by SPMDs was severely reduced by as much as 50% under fouling conditions in comparison to unfouled controls. The ultimate utility of SPMDs as passive monitors is thus reduced, although alternative measures, such as the use of permeability reference compounds may compensate, and allow for realistic evaluations of dissolved environmental concentrations in aquatic environments. However, due to the complexities involved in such procedures––especially as they need to be conducted on a case-by-case basis––the utility of SPMDs appears to be limited for estimates of bioavailability unless necessary calibrations are undertaken within each environment that the sampler is used.