辽东湾吹填土工程适宜性系统综合评价遥感分区研究

根据区域的TM,SPOT影像所持有的宏观性、概括性强、信息丰富、线性影像特征清晰等特点,判别吹填土区域的范围,并结合野外的实际勘察及相关室内试验的结果,使其发挥成图技术快、质量高、成本低的特点。选择场地环境、工程物理性质、力学性质及固结时间4个二级评价影响因素和相对应的地下水水质、成因组合类型、盐渍化、岩土类型、黏粒含量、液性指标、含水量、孔隙比、内聚力、内摩擦力、压缩系数、压缩模量和固结时间13个一级单因素评价指标,本文采用层次分析法,构建多层次分析结构模型,计算出各评价指标的权重,并通过归一化评价指标,建立辽东湾吹填土工程适宜性遥感分区系统综合评判模型。对辽东湾吹填场地工程适宜性优劣提出分区评价Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区,以期能给该区的工程建设以及其他吹填地区的工程适宜性分区提供参考并提高经济效益和社会效益。     

济阳拗陷内王判镇潜山带奥陶系成藏条件分析

王判镇潜山带发育白桥、任凤、王判镇3条深大断裂,自北向南分为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ排山,奥陶系圈闭形成时间早于石炭—二叠纪二次生气运聚期。该区火山活动频繁,火成岩广布。奥陶系储集条件好。济阳地堑和曲堤地垒二次生气中心的煤成气对本区贡献不大。Ⅰ,Ⅱ排山中—东北部也为煤成气二次生气中心,具备煤成气气源条件,石炭—二叠系泥岩和铝土质泥岩、灰岩为优质的盖层,是寻找煤成气及其与幔源气混源气的有利场所。Ⅲ排山不具备煤成气气源条件,而具备幔源气气源条件,是寻找幔源气的有利场所。     

辽东地区古元古代侵入岩特征及构造岩浆大陆动力学演化

辽东古元古代侵入岩广泛分布于太子河凹陷以南的营口、宽甸、丹东、桓仁等地。本文概述了侵入岩地质、岩石、岩石化学及地球化学等特征 ,探讨了其源区有幔源型、壳幔混源型、壳源型的属性。岩浆演化规律为：造山前富 Mg质玄武岩、拉斑玄武岩系列与钙碱系列双向演化；造山期由中酸性→酸性，由钠质→钾质；造山后崩塌期由基性→中性→酸性，由拉斑玄武岩系列→钙碱系列，由钠质→钾质。构造岩浆大陆动力学演化过程和模式为造山前毗芦寺超基性－基性杂岩侵喷就位，造山早期条痕状花岗岩同构造底劈侵位，造山主期片麻状黑云－二云母二长花岗岩同构造中高位侵入，造山晚期块状花岗闪长岩－二长花岗岩组合高位侵入，造山期后构造崩塌期辉长－辉绿岩组合、闪长岩－斜长花岗岩－钾长花岗岩组合伸展就位。     

Analysis of a progressive slope failure in the Xiangjiaba reservoir area,Southwest China

The rehabilitation construction in the reservoir area of Xiangjiaba hydropower station in Southwest China has caused many landslides. A shallow progressive failure that occurred on the resettlement site of Xin’an Town of Pingshan County in Sichuan Province was selected as a case study. This landslide occurred in a long and gently inclined area by slope excavation under rainfall conditions. It is about 3.0 m deep with a total length of 35 m and is composed of some subfailures. Undisturbed samples were retrieved, on which the basic properties, shear strength, expansive potential, mineral compositions, and microstructures were tested and analyzed. The results show (1) the landsliding materials belong to medium expansive soil, consisting of the clay minerals of illite–smectite (I/S) and chlorite–smectite (C/S); (2) shear strength of the soil is sensitive to water, which greatly decreases once saturated; and (3) many fractures and relatively large pores are developed in the soils. Back analysis of the landslide shows that the shear strength at failure is less than the residual shear strength obtained from lab tests, indicating that some processes contributing to the slope failure could not be reflected by the shear box test. Based on the above analysis, the progressive process of the slope failure was interpreted, and it is inferred that the rainfall entered into the slope mainly through fractures and relatively large pores in the soil. It caused not only the great decrease in soil strength but also the swelling trend. The latter one would lead to growth, interaction, and coalescence of the fractures. Soon after, these fractures formed the shear planes (zones), which further decreased the resistance of the landslide. Under these favorable conditions, the slope excavation directly triggered the failure.     

An approach to sustainable rural water supply in semi-arid Africa with a case study from Namibia

Sustainable-yield estimation in semi-arid conditions is always challenging, especially for fractured rock aquifers. An approach to assess sustainability is discussed using a case study from rural semi-arid Namibia. The fractured-rock aquifers in the study area have complex configuration. Geology maps, hydrocensus data, geophysical surveys, and drilling and hydraulic testing data were used to produce a conceptual model. Aquifer parameters were estimated based on the hydraulic test data and numerical modelling. Due to lack of data, as is often the case in rural Namibia, the simulation results had to be verified against geological and hydrogeological constraints. It is concluded that the aquifer system is sustained by episodic recharge and the long-term gain in storage (about 3,285 m³/a) represents the maximum extractable volume. It is recommended that the continuous monitoring system for groundwater level, river flow and rainfall should be part of a long-term scheme. The magnitude and frequency of the recharge events and extraction should be monitored in order to sustainably manage the resource. Although the illustrated approach is based on limited data, it provides a basis for management of individual groundwater schemes in semi-arid conditions in sub-Saharan Africa.     

北京市生态保护红线内地表覆盖变化聚集性研究

本文利用北京市2015、2017及2019年三期地理国情普查及监测数据,分析了北京市生态保护红线内地表覆盖空间变化特征,并在全局及局部Moran's I空间自相关分析的基础上,从空间上对生态保护红线内生态修复显著、生态破坏显著区域进行识别。研究结果表明,2015-2019年,生态保护红线内的生态用地整体处于流出状态,且各类变化斑块间存在明显的空间自相关效应,15个区域为人类活动密集区,其中雾灵山及周边山区、松山及玉渡山保护区、南海子公园、密云水库、怀沙怀九河、泃河平谷段(西南段)等6个地区为生态破坏显著区域,建议对其加大监管力度;生态修复显著区域为京密引水渠密云段,其他8个区域均为人为破坏及修复活动共存区域。本文为严守生态保护红线,加快建设美丽北京及生态文明建设提供决策依据,同时也适用于全国其他地区生态保护红线内地表覆盖变化的监测。     

基于地理标记照片的城市旅游意象空间分异研究——以五大世界著名旅游城市为例

城市旅游感知意象与投射意象的匹配程度是城市旅游形象建设与宣传效果的重要评价,景观尺度下旅游感知与投射意象的空间分异特征可以有效评估游客对城市旅游意象的感知偏差,以此把握旅游者的旅游动机与景观偏好,更好地提升旅游地形象建设。本研究以五大世界著名旅游城市为例,以Flickr网站的地理标记照片数据和政府旅游网站宣传的旅游信息为数据源,利用ArcGIS空间分析技术分析城市旅游感知意象与投射意象的要素构成和空间分异特征。结果表明,城市旅游感知与投射意象的差异既体现在要素构成的偏差上,也体现在空间分布特征的差异方面。除东京旅游感知与投射意象要素结构基本一致以外,其他城市均存在一定程度的偏差。局部空间聚集异常值可视化了五大城市旅游感知意象与投射意象的空间分布偏差,相比城市旅游投射意象的空间集聚,城市旅游感知意象的范围更为离散。同时,双变量空间自相关指数分析结果验证了五大城市旅游感知意象与投射意象均呈显著的空间正相关,但是相关程度和依赖度并不高,说明了从感知与投射视角进行旅游意象空间特征分析的重要性,应以需求为导向进行城市旅游景观规划与宣传。结合地理标记照片数据的空间分析方法为城市旅游感知意象与投射意象的空间分异研究提供了普适性的方法,以服务于城市可持续发展和旅游形象建设。     

内蒙古三河铅锌矿床的矿化特征及构造控矿规律

以内蒙三河铅锌矿床为研究对象,通过详细的野外和井下地质调研、 勘查资料综合分析、 构造地质测量、矿石和蚀变岩的岩石学和矿物学研究等,对矿区主要的构造类型、产状特征、脉体和蚀变的类型及矿化与断裂构造的关系进行了详细的研究.研究结果表明,矿区矿体主要呈脉状-网脉状产于北西西向断裂构造中.根据矿区断裂-脉体类型-蚀变的关系可...     

天津地磁房改造中的磁性控制

天津市地震局利用天津市地震安全基础工程,对区域地磁台站的地磁观测室进行改造,拆除原有混凝土浇筑的观测墩及墩基,安装无磁大理石观测墩,拆除原屋顶新建木结构屋顶,对室内进行保温处理.在施工过程中,建筑材料及施工环节的磁性控制是磁房改造的关键环节.