天津前兆台网映震能力评价

收集了自１９８９年至１９９３年１０月天津及其附近地区发生的ＭＬ≥４．０地震和大同地区发生的中强地震共２１次，经统计计算认为：天津台网对唐山地区发生的地震反映能力较强，北京地区次之，对大同地区发生的中强地震的一定的反映能力，其综合映震能力为６１．９％，可预报能力为２３．８％，异常对应能力不超过５５．７％，观测项目综合灵敏度为２４％，对天津及其附近地区发生的中等地震仅可能有３．１７％观测项目产生异常。     

HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN SEDIMENTS

In this paper the chemical characteristics of humic substances (humic acid and fulvic acid) from East China Sea surficial sediment are studied through combination of chemical and physical methods. Results show that humic acids have less aromatic hydrocarbon and more alkane structure.The contents of amino acids from hydrolyzate of humic substances are different. The amount of various amino acids (such as acidic, neutral or basic amino aicd) of fulvic acid is higher than that of humic acid. The distribution order of amino acid abundance in various kinds of sediments is neutral amino acid>aromatic amino acid> basic amino acid.In addition, mathematical statistic method is also used to study their distribution. All samples show similar regularities, i. e., the contents of glycine, alanine, aspartic and glutamic are very high and those of cystine and methionine are very low or even disappear.The above results further confirm that humic acid and fulvic acid have similar composition and structure.     

阿拉尔垦区土壤盐渍化治理与土地持续利用

塔里木河上游的阿拉尔垦区在开垦前主要发育着不同盐渍化程度的土壤。经过３０多年的改造,垦区土壤盐渍化治理已取得了一些进展,但也还存在许多问题,解决好这些问题将是今后土壤盐渍化治理与实现土地持续利用的重点。     

冻胀过程与冻结缘特性

The complex process of soil freezing which relates to moisture field, temperature and stress field usually accompanies water migration and crystallization. The mechanism of water migration in the -frozen fringe is blurry though there have rather mature theory analyzing water migration in the unfrozen zone and fully-frozen zone. It is a visualized and easy method to calculate the potential gradient of frozen fringe by frost heave amount, the duration of the steady state of frost heaving and the coefficient of permeability based on the Darcy penetration theory, not directly considering water driving force, ice segregation temperature and the thickness of frozen fringe. The method is feasible by comparing the calculated amount of frost-heaving with the test data.     

“文创+”历史街区空间生产的系统动力学机制——以珠海北山社区为例

在城市历史街区经济发展与空间演变的过程中,文化创意产业的进入为城市更新与历史街区的转型提供了新思路。研究使用定性系统动力学方法,通过质性数据构建因果循环图,对珠海北山社区的空间再生产过程进行分析,最终得到由5个正反馈回路与1个负反馈回路构成的空间生产动力机制,并得出以下结论：① 政府对城中村的规划改造与居民的空间让渡是北山空间再生产的开端;② 文化企业家的进入创造了新的空间主体与社会关系,对历史建筑空间进行了更新与再利用,打造了新兴文化创意空间;③ 游客的多元化旅游感知与媒体传播对北山进行了信息再生产;④ 空间主体的多元化构建了北山多重属性相互交融的空间,复杂并趋于稳定,各个利益主体在博弈与妥协中达到相对平衡。在回路分析的基础上,研究将“资本三重循环”理论与系统动力学模型相结合对北山社区的空间再生产机制进行了深入探讨。本研究为历史街区的发展转型机制提供具有系统预见性的新工具,并为新型城镇化建设的发展建设提供参考。     

Effects of vertical seismic acceleration on 3D slope stability

The conventional pseudo-static approach often neglects the effect of the vertical seismic acceleration on the stability of a slope, but some analyses under plane-strain (2D) conditions show a significant effect on the slope stability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the vertical acceleration on the safety of three-dimensional (3D) slopes. In the strict framework of limit analysis, a 3D kinematically admissible rotational failure mechanism is adopted here for 3D homogeneous slopes in frictional/cohesive soils. A set of stability charts is presented in a wide range of parameters for 3D slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loading conditions. Accounting for the effects of the vertical seismic acceleration, the difference in safety factors for 3D slopes can exceed 10%, which will significantly overestimate the safety of the 3D slopes.     

冻土的单轴抗压、抗拉强度特性试验研究

在寒区工程建筑物设计中,冻土的抗压、抗拉强度是两个重要的力学指标.在负温条件下,对粉质黏土、黄土和砂土进行单轴抗压和劈裂抗拉试验,研究冻土破坏时的破坏形态、破坏机理、应力-应变曲线和拉应力与径向位移关系曲线的形式,分析单轴抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的差异以及这两种强度随土质特性和温度的变化规律.试验结果表明：单轴载荷作用下试样破坏后呈鼓状,且表现为应变软化型塑性破坏特征;劈裂作用下产生沿直径向试样两侧延伸的裂缝,不同土质破坏后裂缝扩展的宽度和深度不同;冻土的抗压强度与抗拉强度均与负温存在很好的线性相关性,随温度的降低而增大;在相同温度条件下,冻土的抗压强度大于其抗拉强度;对于同一种冻土,其抗压强度的温度效应比抗拉强度的温度效应显著.本试验分析结果可为寒区工程的实际应用提供参考.     

蓟县台水管倾斜仪NS向加速北倾异常分析

蓟县水管倾斜仪NS向观测自2014-04-01开始出现加速北倾异常变化。通过观测系统检查、周边环境调查,开展了异常分析工作。结果表明：1）2014-03-31更换水管N端传感器对水管倾斜仪观测造成一定程度的影响。类似的变化在2009-04更换W端传感器后也出现过。2）04-01～11台站南侧于桥水库以高达50 m3/s的速率泄水也是导致异常的原因。对比发现,往年水库大速率泄水期间水管NS向相应地出现过短期加速北倾变化。3）利用三维集中载荷模型开展水库载荷变化影响理论分析,结果表明,04-01～11的平均泄水速率大幅超过库容变化临界速率理论计算值,并且期间倾斜水平方向变化理论值与同台的水管倾斜、垂直摆倾斜NS向观测实际变化量基本一致。从量化角度证实,水管倾斜NS向观测加速北倾变化确实含有水库大速率泄水的影响。4）04-11后库容增加,水管倾斜NS向观测仍呈加速北倾变化,5月中旬后逐步恢复,异常持续时间和幅度均超出了实际泄水时间和理论计算结果。因此,水管倾斜NS向2014-04-01以来出现的加速北倾变化,不仅含有更换N端传感器的影响,也受到了于桥水库大速率泄水的干扰,作为地震前兆异常的可能性不大。     

Scattering of SH waves induced by a symmetrical V-shaped canyon: a unified analytical solution

This paper reports a series solution of wave functions for two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SH waves induced by a symmetrical V-shaped canyon with different shape ratios. A half-space with a symmetrical V-shaped canyon is divided into two sub-regions by using a circular-arc auxiliary boundary. The two sub-regions are represented by global and local cylindrical coordinate systems, respectively. In each coordinate system, the wave field satisfying the Helmholtz equation is represented by the separation of variables method, in terms of the series of both Bessel functions and Hankel functions with unknown complex coefficients. Then, the two wave fields are described in the local coordinate system using the Graf addition theorem. Finally, the unknown coefficients are sought by satisfying the continuity conditions of the auxiliary boundary. To consider the phase characteristics of the wave scattering, a parametric analysis is carried out in the time domain by assuming an incident signal of the Ricker type. Surface and subsurface transient responses demonstrate the characteristics and mechanisms of wave propagating and scattering.     

盐渍土与盐溶液冻结温度关系的试验研究

通过不同降温方式的冻结温度试验,明确了降温速率对土体冻结温度的影响,并采用快速降温方法,测定了不同含水率的三种天然氯（亚）盐渍土和黄土的冻结温度,以及不同浓度Na₂SO₄、NaCl溶液和由溶液配制的黄土的过冷温度和冻结温度,分析了降温速率、含水率、含盐量、盐类对土和溶液相变过程的影响。结果表明,快速降温得到的冻结温度值比缓慢降温得到的值偏低。当含水率低于盐渍土的塑限含水率时,水分是冻结温度的主要制约因素;当含水率大于土的塑限含水率时,天然盐渍土的含盐量对土的冻结温度起控制作用,Na₂SO₄含量控制含盐土的第一次相变,NaCl含量控制含盐土在低温下的第二次相变;低含盐量黄土含水率低于塑限含水率时,冻结温度随含水率增大而增大,但当含水率高于饱和含水率时,冻结温度随含水率变化不大。含Na₂SO₄的土和溶液的过冷温度变化规律与冻结温度变化规律类似,且其温度差值较小,通过Na₂SO₄溶液的冻结温度试验,可近似得到同浓度下含水率为16%只含Na₂SO₄黄土的冻结温度。