黄河清水沟流路大嘴的形成对莱州湾潮流场影响的数值研究

黄河口于1976年改道清水沟流路入海,入海河沙淤进致使莱州湾西岸局部岸线向海推进约21 km,在0,5,10 m等深线处分别向海推进21,17,16 km。按黄河口改道清水沟流路前和改道后的莱州湾岸线和海底地形分别建立模型,计算了黄河口改道前后的莱州湾潮流场。结果表明,黄河大嘴的形成,致使其两侧涨落急计算流速减小了40 cm/s之多,其东侧形成一个东西宽约8 km、南北长6 km的流速增大区,该流速增大区涨落急时刻计算流速较改道前增大30 cm/s以上;莱州湾西部海域计算主流向偏转,偏转量在27°~108°之间;清水沟流路大嘴形成前后,莱州湾东部潮流场变化不明显。     

一种融合动态预测的感知哈希目标跟踪算法

为实现静态背景下的目标跟踪,采取基于DTC的感知哈希生成算法提取目标感知哈希摘要,比较汉明距离实现模板匹配。针对跟踪效率不足的问题,提出了一种范围与方位融合预测策略,其中范围预测是预测目标出现的范围,缩小模板搜索区域;方位预测在范围预测的基础上寻找一条便捷的搜索路线,将已跟踪得到的坐标要素简化为单一的方位角要素,结合预测模型预测目标方位,挖掘出一种模板匹配终止条件,在适当的深度终止窗口遍历。试验结果证明,范围预测对跟踪效率提升明显,预测范围缩小n倍时算法效率提升约n²倍,方位预测可在范围预测的基础上提升约16%的效率。     

再论采用双重投影法的椭球面日晷投影

为减小椭球面日晷投影的变形,讨论了椭球面日晷投影的特性,分析了3种球面下双重投影法的变形大小,结果表明采用高斯等角球面,投影长度变形最小,适合于各种比例尺的地图海图制图,可以使船只沿着拟大地线方向航行,迅速到达目的地。     

正常椭球重力平均值处纬度与偏心率的表达式

加速度计的精度是影响惯性导航精度的最直接的和最重要的因素,对正常重力平均值的选取是否合理将直接影响到加速度计的精度的高低。传统上还是直接以纬度45°处的正常重力值作为平均值,这是不科学、不合理的。在计算机代数系统中,将正常重力计算公式利用级数展开、牛顿迭代法,推导出纬度关于椭球第一偏心率的函数式,并在考虑推广到太阳系中各天体的基础上,推导出纬度随椭球第一偏心率变化而变化的函数关系式,得到部分天体数据验证,具有一定科学意义。     

Mechanism of Phase Lag Between Current Speed and Suspended Sediment: Combined Effect of Erosion,Deposition, and Advection

To retrieve and explain the phase lag between current speed and suspended sediment concentration(SSC), erosion, deposition, and advection were isolated as primary processes of sediment movement in a three-dimensional model. The response time was proved to be one of the reasons for the phase lag, as time is needed for suspension to diffuse from bottom to surface. A fitted Shields diagram was introduced into the model to reflect the relationship between SSC and shear stress, between shear stress and critical shear stress, as well as between SSC and critical shear stress for erosion. It takes some time for shear stress to increase to the critical value after high or low tide, and this was proved to be an important contributor to the phase lag. Overall, the variation of vertically integrated SSC is influenced by erosion mass flux, deposition mass flux, and advection flux. The phase pattern of erosion mass flux is consistent with the pattern of current if there was no wave action. However, phase difference is produced by the influence of deposition mass flux and advection. In this study, SSC peak/trough mostly occurred near the moment erosion mass flux approximately equaled deposition mass flux and would be impacted by advection. The time required for instantaneous variation of suspension to get to 0 after current peak/trough represents the phase lag between current speed and SSC.     

面向多源数据集成的城市地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控研究

针对地下综合管廊智能化涉及感知、传输、数据、平台与应用以及展现等内容,提出了城市地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控的分层架构体系,研究了面向时空信息的多源异构数据集成联动与融合构架、地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控体系、基于GIS的管廊运营隐患预警与突发事件应急联动处置等关键问题,基于上述研究构建了城市地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控服务平台,并在连云港市徐圩新区地下综合管廊取得了示范应用,效果明显。     

景观空间异质性对地表水质服务的影响研究——以河南省伊河流域为例

人类干扰使景观空间异质性发生了剧烈变化,进而对生态系统服务产生了严重影响。目前,针对景观空间异质性与生态系统服务的关联关系研究还较为薄弱。以河南省伊河流域为研究区域,以地表水质服务为研究对象,分析了地表水质服务的空间变化;通过以水质采样点为中心建立缓冲区,分析了不同尺度下的景观空间异质性特征,并与地表水质指标进行相关性研究,以探讨景观空间异质性与地表水质服务间的影响规律及响应机制。结果表明：① 研究区地表水质状况整体上为西南、东北部较差,中部较好;② 从景观组成来看,林地面积占比或斑块个数的增加有利于地表水质的提高;③ 类型水平上,林地的景观构型与化学需氧量的质量浓度在200 m半径缓冲区内显著相关（P<0.05）,城镇用地的景观构型对地表水质的影响则在2000 m半径缓冲区内更为明显;④ 景观水平上,总磷的质量浓度受到景观构型变化的强烈影响（P<0.05）,景观构型异质性越低,总磷的质量浓度就越高;⑤ 适当增加景观空间异质性可有效降低地表水质污染物的质量浓度,提高地表水质服务。研究结论可为伊河流域的空间开发及水环境保护政策的制定提供科学依据。     

Spatial distribution and deposition history of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in sediments from the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea

Nonylphenol(NP) and bisphenol A(BPA) are endocrine disruptors causing harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis to various organisms,and consequently,their contamination in natural environment has received wide concerns.This study reports the distribution characteristics of NP and BPA in surface sediments and their deposition history based on a dated sediment core in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea.The contents of NP and BPA in surface sediments ranged from 1.56-35.8 and 0.72-13.2 ng/g(dry mass),respectively,with high values recorded in the two mud zones,the Changjiang River Estuarine Mud Zone and the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.High values in the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone suggest the possibility of long distance transport of both contaminants through the Changjiang riverine plume.The contents were not correlated with the distance from the pollution source,indicating other factors including particle deposition rate and sediment grain size obviously affecting the distribution pattern.NP was also detected in a sediment core at layers deposited from the year of 1971 to 2001 with contents of up to 20.9 ng/g(dry mass).The deposition fluxes of NP varied from 0.68 to 17.9 ng/(cm2 · a) with peaks and valleys reflecting the traces of economic development history in China during the previous three decades.BPA was detected at sediment layers deposited from 1973 to 2001 with contents of up to 3.66 ng/g.The fluxes of BPA varied from 0.62 to 3.13 ng/(cm2 · a) showing a similar pattern as NP.The contents of NP and BPA also indicated potential risks on benthic organisms in the study area.     

IMU/DGPS机载激光定位测量误差分析与估计

详细分析了IMU/DGPS机载激光定位测量的各种误差,着重讨论了IMU姿态测量误差对机栽激光定位的影响.根据实际可能的误差数据,并联合扫描角误差、测距误差和平台坐标系原点误差进行计算分析,得出了不同的量测误差对目标三维定位误差的综合影响.     

一种海洋磁力测量降噪的有效方法

波浪噪声和随机噪声是影响海洋磁力测量数据处理精度的重要因素.基于小波阈值消噪理论,研究了海洋磁力测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声的消除方法.仿真和实例计算表明:借助于小波的分解与重构,有效地减弱或消除了测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声,具有较高的精度和可靠性.该方法解决了传统的滑动拟合法对波浪和随机噪声与测量数据中的真实高频信息一起平滑过滤的局限性问题.