Mechanism of Phase Lag Between Current Speed and Suspended Sediment: Combined Effect of Erosion,Deposition, and Advection

To retrieve and explain the phase lag between current speed and suspended sediment concentration(SSC), erosion, deposition, and advection were isolated as primary processes of sediment movement in a three-dimensional model. The response time was proved to be one of the reasons for the phase lag, as time is needed for suspension to diffuse from bottom to surface. A fitted Shields diagram was introduced into the model to reflect the relationship between SSC and shear stress, between shear stress and critical shear stress, as well as between SSC and critical shear stress for erosion. It takes some time for shear stress to increase to the critical value after high or low tide, and this was proved to be an important contributor to the phase lag. Overall, the variation of vertically integrated SSC is influenced by erosion mass flux, deposition mass flux, and advection flux. The phase pattern of erosion mass flux is consistent with the pattern of current if there was no wave action. However, phase difference is produced by the influence of deposition mass flux and advection. In this study, SSC peak/trough mostly occurred near the moment erosion mass flux approximately equaled deposition mass flux and would be impacted by advection. The time required for instantaneous variation of suspension to get to 0 after current peak/trough represents the phase lag between current speed and SSC.     

面向多源数据集成的城市地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控研究

针对地下综合管廊智能化涉及感知、传输、数据、平台与应用以及展现等内容,提出了城市地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控的分层架构体系,研究了面向时空信息的多源异构数据集成联动与融合构架、地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控体系、基于GIS的管廊运营隐患预警与突发事件应急联动处置等关键问题,基于上述研究构建了城市地下综合管廊安全运营与智慧管控服务平台,并在连云港市徐圩新区地下综合管廊取得了示范应用,效果明显。     

天津市城区静风与污染物浓度变化规律的分析

利用2000—2004年天津市城区气象和污染物资料,采用统计分析方法,研究了城区静风分布及污染物浓度变化规律。结果表明:静风分布有明显的日、年变化规律,在华北地形槽或低压、高压前部和高压的天气形势下易出现静风天气现象且持续时间较长。污染物浓度与风速呈现出较好的负相关,即风速越大、污染物浓度越小。但风速达到一定临界值时,TSP与风速呈正相关,大风可以引起二次扬尘并增加了空气中颗粒物的含量;PM10,SO2和NO2三种污染物在静风日的浓度值均高于非静风时的浓度值。     

微波目标散射特性全要素测量试验

合成孔径雷达SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)以其全天时全天候的观测能力在地表目标识别、灾害监测等领域得到了越来越多的重视,高分辨率、全极化等各类先进SAR载荷卫星的发展日新月异.相对而言,微波与地物目标的相互作用机理仍有待深入研究.在可控无电磁干扰的测试环境下开展典型目标微波特性测量实验,可以...     

Spatial distribution and deposition history of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in sediments from the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea

Nonylphenol(NP) and bisphenol A(BPA) are endocrine disruptors causing harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis to various organisms,and consequently,their contamination in natural environment has received wide concerns.This study reports the distribution characteristics of NP and BPA in surface sediments and their deposition history based on a dated sediment core in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea.The contents of NP and BPA in surface sediments ranged from 1.56-35.8 and 0.72-13.2 ng/g(dry mass),respectively,with high values recorded in the two mud zones,the Changjiang River Estuarine Mud Zone and the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.High values in the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone suggest the possibility of long distance transport of both contaminants through the Changjiang riverine plume.The contents were not correlated with the distance from the pollution source,indicating other factors including particle deposition rate and sediment grain size obviously affecting the distribution pattern.NP was also detected in a sediment core at layers deposited from the year of 1971 to 2001 with contents of up to 20.9 ng/g(dry mass).The deposition fluxes of NP varied from 0.68 to 17.9 ng/(cm2 · a) with peaks and valleys reflecting the traces of economic development history in China during the previous three decades.BPA was detected at sediment layers deposited from 1973 to 2001 with contents of up to 3.66 ng/g.The fluxes of BPA varied from 0.62 to 3.13 ng/(cm2 · a) showing a similar pattern as NP.The contents of NP and BPA also indicated potential risks on benthic organisms in the study area.     

IMU/DGPS机载激光定位测量误差分析与估计

详细分析了IMU/DGPS机载激光定位测量的各种误差,着重讨论了IMU姿态测量误差对机栽激光定位的影响.根据实际可能的误差数据,并联合扫描角误差、测距误差和平台坐标系原点误差进行计算分析,得出了不同的量测误差对目标三维定位误差的综合影响.     

一种海洋磁力测量降噪的有效方法

波浪噪声和随机噪声是影响海洋磁力测量数据处理精度的重要因素.基于小波阈值消噪理论,研究了海洋磁力测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声的消除方法.仿真和实例计算表明:借助于小波的分解与重构,有效地减弱或消除了测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声,具有较高的精度和可靠性.该方法解决了传统的滑动拟合法对波浪和随机噪声与测量数据中的真实高频信息一起平滑过滤的局限性问题.     

复变函数表示的高斯投影非迭代公式

借助复数理论讨论了高斯投影的复变函数表示。引入了等量纬度反解的直接展开式,借助计算机代数系统Mathematica推导出了子午线弧长与等量纬度之间的关系式,并将其拓展至复数域,导出了形式紧凑、结构简单的高斯投影正反解非迭代公式,并在此基础上给出了适合计算机计算的表达式及其相关系数在不同参考椭球下的数值形式。算例结果表明本文公式计算精度在10^-6s以上,可供实际使用。     

一种海洋磁力测量降噪的有效方法

波浪噪声和随机噪声是影响海洋磁力测量数据处理精度的重要因素。基于小波阈值消噪理论,研究了海洋磁力测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声的消除方法。仿真和实例计算表明:借助于小波的分解与重构,有效地减弱或消除了测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声,具有较高的精度和可靠性。该方法解决了传统的滑动拟合法对波浪和随机噪声与测量数据中的真实高频信息一起平滑过滤的局限性问题。     

一种改进的序贯平差算法

分析了序贯平差的基本原理,提出了一种基于前一期参数平差值的序贯平差的改进算法,简化了计算并具有很强的实用性。