循环荷载下竖向土拱演化规律试验研究

土拱效应广泛存在于结构?土相互作用体系中,并不可避免地受到动荷载的影响。为探究循环荷载下土拱的演化过程,开展了循环加载下的活动门试验,结合粒子图像测速法（PIV）,对土拱的结构形态、位移场及竖向应力的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,初始土拱形成时活动门上方产生三角形脱空区,施加循环荷载后该结构边界逐渐沿竖向延伸并向填土表面发展,位移场影响范围呈扇形向两侧扩大。根据初始差异沉降的不同,土拱的发展演化呈现出最终状态的差异：达到新的稳定状态,或发生失稳破坏。循环荷载下,初始活动门位移较大时土拱更易趋于破坏,表现为脱空区贯通填土表面并形成竖向滑裂面。土拱结构的稳定性受到脱空区土体堆积对其下边界的支撑作用影响。     

辽吉古元古代活动带的双成矿带地质特征

辽吉活动带是华北陆块最具代表性的古元古代造山/活动带,不仅发育巨量的古元古代陆壳沉积物质和岩浆活动,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,以及多期岩浆-变质事件的叠加改造。辽吉活动带的形成和构造演化时期,也是该区的一次重要成矿期,以矿种多、规模大、层状或层控为主而发育大型-超大型矿床为特点,其中菱镁矿、滑石、硼、铅锌、钴、金和铀等矿产具有重要的经济价值。辽吉活动带由出露厚度达万米的古元古代辽河群、集安群、老岭群和不同阶段、不同类型的岩浆岩所组成。其主体发育两套变质岩石:一套为变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩组合,以变质相相对较低为特征,出露地层为北辽河群和老岭群,形成于靠近龙岗陆块的被动大陆边缘浅海盆地环境;另一套是由变质火山-沉积岩系和辽吉花岗岩共同组成的地质构造单元,变质相相对较高,地层分布在南辽河群和集安群,形成于远离大陆边缘俯冲体系下的弧岩浆构造环境。此外,形成于与被动大陆边缘构造环境相关的成矿带内分布着菱镁矿床、滑石矿床、铜钴矿床和铀矿床等,形成于活动大陆边缘弧岩浆构造坏境内的成矿带主要分布硼、铅锌和金等矿床。研究表明,海城菱镁矿、后仙峪硼矿、翁泉沟硼矿、范家堡子滑石矿、大横路铜钴矿和猫岭金矿等矿床均具有大型-超大型规模,其中海城菱镁矿矿床储量达8.84亿吨,为世界之最的超大型矿床,翁泉沟硼矿床的B2O3储量高达2185万吨,为超大型矿床,占全国总储量的28.6%。辽吉古元古代活动带发育在太古宙克拉通基底之上,经历了有限的拉伸裂陷、岩浆侵位、(火山)沉积、碰撞拼贴、变质改造、隆升拆离和消亡等发展演化阶段,时限为2.2～1.8 Ga。辽吉活动带的成矿构造-岩浆演化可以划分为4个阶段:①2.2～2.0 Ga岩浆作用和成矿阶段;②2.0～1.9 Ga沉积作用和成矿阶段;③1.90 Ga大规模变质-变形和成矿阶段(碰撞造山期);④1.89～1.82Ga碰撞后岩浆作用阶段。综上,辽吉活动带的形成与演化经历了从活动陆缘转变为被动陆缘最终碰撞造山的地壳演化和成矿作用过程,其中成矿作用是由两类不同成矿构造环境所控制。同时,本区又经历了中生代构造-岩浆成矿作用的叠加,使区内成矿作用更具复杂性、多样性和多期性。这种在同一个成矿区内,由双成矿带控制的成矿在国内外很少见。因此,该区是形成多种矿产大规模成矿十分有利的地区及找矿远景地区。     

长距离隧道洞内平面控制测量

论述长距离隧道的平面控制网布设情况。洞外控制测量采用先进的GPS技术,采集数据经过合理处理后,满足隧道施工规范的要求;洞外控制测量的导线铺设采用左右双导线网布设和线性交叉导线网布设联用的方式,测量结果表明该方法满足规范规定要求。     

泰山玉皇顶三维可视化系统的设计与实现

根据泰山玉皇顶景点的特征,结合现有的地形图、遥感影像和实地调查资料数据,运用三维建模软件和多源数据融合等技术,研发了基于VRM ap的三维可视化系统,为玉皇顶景点的宣传、保护和管理提供了三维的、具有沉浸感的交互平台,从而更好地为旅游管理人员和广大游客服务。     

郑洛地区史前聚落遗址坡向坡度分析

基于前人的研究成果,本文利用GIS软件对郑洛地区三个连续文化时期的史前聚落遗址的坡向、坡度分布情况进行了分析。研究结果表明,研究区中大部分聚落遗址分布在坡向朝南、坡度小于3°的地点,但是仍然有少部分遗址处于光照差、坡度较大的地点。     

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF ZHAN-JIANG BAY AREA FROM THE VIEW OF DEEP FAULT SYSTEM INTERPRETED BASED ON THE GRAVITY DATA

The neotectonics in Zhanjiang Bay area is almost the inferred faults and there are not any active faults seen on the ground surface. So it is difficult for research on the seismogenic structure. This paper analyzes and interpretes the gravity data that can reflect the feature of deep faults and then discusses the seismogenic structure of Zhanjiang Bay area in combination with its geology and earthquake activity. There is a huge NEE-trending high gravity gradient belt lying in the coastal region among Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and Zhanjiang Bay is located in this gravity gradient belt. We analyzed and interpreted more than eighty images obtained with many different methods one by one, then, got the result that Zhanjiang Bay area is embraced by two giant fault belts trending in the NEE and NW direction respectively, and its interior is crossed over by the NE-trending fault belt. These three fault belts are well shown in the gravity images, especially the NEE-trending fault belt and NW one. The gravity isolines and gradient belts or the thick black stripes of the NEE-and NW-trending fault belts are displayed apparently. Also, these gravity structures are good in continuity, extend vastly and cut deeply. What is more, the NEE-trending fault belt plays a leading and region-controlling part. It shows good continuity, and cuts off the NW-and NE-trending faults frequently and intensively. The NW-trending fault belt also is good in continuity and cuts the NEE-and NE-trending faults relatively frequently and strongly, but it is restricted by the NEE-trending one. Last, the continuity of the NE-trending fault is worse and the strength cutting off NE-and NW-trending faults is significantly weak, just in some segments and in the shallow positions. According to the characteristics above and combined with the analyses of geological structure and earthquake activity, the conclusion can be drawn that the NEE-trending fault is the controlling structure and the main seismogenic structure in Zhanjiang Bay area, and the NW-trending fault is the second one. They conjugate and act together. Therefore, Zhanjiang Bay has the tectonic condition for generating M_S=6.5 earthquakes.     

华南东部吉安—福州剖面岩石圈电性结构研究

为了研究华南东部地区岩浆活动的深部构造背景,对吉安一福州宽频大地电磁测深剖面数据进行了系统的分析和处理,并利用非线性共轭梯度法进行二维反演,得到了武夷隆起带及周缘地区的岩石圈电性结构;结合区域重磁资料,详细分析了研究区内地壳、上地幔电性结构特征及地质含义.结果表明:华南东部地区岩石圈电性结构存在明显的分区性,并且壳内普遍发育不同成因的高导层,揭示出华南东部地区不同构造单元内的岩浆活动具有不同的成岩构造背景.其中,东南沿海褶皱带深部热侵蚀活跃,岩石圈物质和结构被强烈改造,电阻率普遍较低,软流圈上涌并伴随玄武岩浆底侵,导致岩石圈、地壳剧烈减薄;而武夷隆起带岩石圈电阻率相对较高,印支-燕山早期陆内挤压变形的构造形迹明显,晚中生代岩石圈拉张伸展作用对该地区岩石圈的物质结构有一定的改造.     

闽北近岸海域晚更新世以来沉积地层特征及其演化

根据2015年青岛海洋地质研究所地质调查船在闽北近岸海域采集的3 500 km高分辨率的浅层地震剖面资料,结合所处海域水深35~40 m、长度90.2 m、穿过测线Z3和测线L9地震剖面的交叉处的一口地质岩芯ECS1601的分析,对闽北近岸海域晚更新世以来的沉积地层进行了精细的划分。研究结果表明:闽北近岸海域浅层地震剖面,可以识别出5个地震层序,自上而下分别为SU1(QT0-QT1)、SU2(QT1-QT2)、SU3(QT2-QT3)、SU4(QT3-QT4)、SU5(QT4-QT5);根据沉积特征和测年数据,地质岩芯ECS1601可以划为4个沉积地层单元,从上往下依次命名为DU1、DU3、DU4、DU5(DU5a、DU5b、DU5c)。将两者进行对比发现,SU1对应于DU1,SU3对应于DU3,SU4对应于DU4,SU5对应于DU5。综合分析地震剖面和地质浅钻,建立了闽北近岸海域的年代地层框架和沉积地层演化模式,探讨了研究区的沉积演化过程。     

东海富营养化封闭海水养殖海域浮游植物分布与控制因子

The distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied monthly during August 2012 to July 2013 in the Yantian Bay. A total of 147 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, and the average abundance was in the range of 0.57×10~4 to 7.73×10~4 cell/L. A total of 19 species dominated the phytoplankton assemblages, and several species that are widely reported to be responsible for microalgae blooms were the absolutely dominant species, such as Skeletonema costatum, Navicula sp., Thalassionema nitzschioides,Pleurosigma sp., and Licmophora abbreviata. The monthly variabilities in phytoplankton abundance could be explained by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), and suspended solids. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that p H and nutrients, including DIN and silicate(SiO_4), were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in specific months. It was found that nutrients and pH levels that were mainly influenced by mariculture played a vital role in influencing the variation of phytoplankton assemblages in the Yantian Bay. Thus, a reduction of mariculture activities would be an effective way to control microalgae blooms in an enclosed and intensively eutrophic bay.     

南海西沙永乐龙洞浮游动物的群落组成及昼夜垂直分布特征

南海西沙群岛的永乐龙洞(16°31′30″N,111°46′05″E)目前是世界上最深的海洋蓝洞,深达300.89m,具有特殊的水文、地质、化学等生态环境特征,存在大厚度无氧层等特殊现象。为了解这一特殊生境浮游动物的组成和分布特征,于2017年3月在永乐龙洞及其邻近水域开展了多学科综合调查。浮游动物采样使用浅水II型浮游生物网在洞内垂直分层拖网(昼夜各1次),并在潟湖(昼夜各1次)和毗邻外礁坡进行底表垂直拖网,分析浮游动物种类组成、丰度、优势种、生物多样性和垂直分布特征。结果显示,龙洞内共记录浮游动物41种(含未定种)和14类浮游幼虫;澙湖内有15种(含未定种)浮游动物和7类浮游幼虫;外礁坡有124种(含未定种)浮游动物和20类浮游幼虫。龙洞与澙湖浮游动物种类组成相似,但香农-威纳指数、均匀度和丰富度差别较大;外礁坡物种组成与龙洞内差异明显。细长腹剑水蚤(Oithona attenuata)在昼夜都是龙洞内占据绝对优势的物种,坚长腹剑水蚤(O.rigida)和长刺小厚壳水蚤(Scolecithricella longispinosa)也有较高丰度。洞内浮游动物表现出明显的昼夜垂直移动现象,日间丰度最大层在60—90m,夜间上移至20—40m。龙洞内更高的空间异质性,可能是其浮游动物生物多样性和丰度相较潟湖更高的原因。浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动主要表现在90m以浅的水层中,80—90m的强烈跃层可能是浮游动物上下跨越的障碍。90—150m的无氧水环境中尚有丰度较高的桡足类生存。