面向军事指挥人员空间认知规律的虚拟地理环境设计研究

虚拟地理环境提供了空间认知的新工具。虚拟地理环境的设计是一种创造性的思维过程,离不开人脑的参与。可以说,一个虚拟地理环境系统就是一个认知模型,不同的目的、不同的专题、不同的视角得到不同的模型。对于虚拟地理环境,人们更多的是关注技术,而忽略设计。把一般原理同具体特点结合起来,才能设计出既符合一般规则,又具有不同个性的虚拟地理环境系统。军事指挥人员是一个特殊的群体,本文分析了该群体的特点和地理空间认知过程,提出了面向中高级军事指挥人员的虚拟地理环境设计思路。     

GEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE DEPOSITS OF THE SANGKANHO BASIN.

This paper offers a preliminary statement of the results of investigations carried out in the South Sangkanho basin, in the mountains some 80 miles to the NW of Peking. Important fossiliferous deposits found in this area throw light on the conditions ruling in N. China during the transition from Pliocene     

THE PAOTE AND CHINGSHUI PHYSIOGRAPHIC STAGES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE.

Reasons are given for the introduction of two new stage-names in the series of steps by which the present land-surface has evolved. The term Paote Stage is proposed for the long-recognized phase of aggradation (between the Tanghsien and Fenho erosional stages) during which the Red Clays and high gravels accumulated. The importance of the Chingshui Stage has not previously been appreciated, but it is now clear that an epoch of erosion separated the Sanmen and Malan (loess) Stages of accumulation. When Dr. Andersson first applied the term Fenho Stage to the dissection seen in the Chaitang Basin, Dr. V. K. Ting had not yet discovered the Sanmen beds. With the recognition that these beds were not an isolated deposit but represented a distinct change of conditions which left its mark widespread over Northern China, it became necessary to establish the exact relationship between the Sanmen and Fenho in Willis's type area.     

CORRELATION BY FLUVIATILE TERRACES

INTRODUCTION The use of landforms as a means of correlation to supplement pal(?)on-tological and stratigraphic evidence has recently been receiving increasing atten-tion in connection with problems of Cenozoic research in China.     

Laboratory and field performance of recycled aggregate base in a seasonally cold region

The objective of this project was to characterize the freeze-thaw properties of recycled concrete (RCA) and asphalt (RAP) as unbound base and to assess how they behaved in the field for nearly 8 years. This paper includes an examination of existing information, laboratory studies of freeze-thaw behavior, and evaluation of data from MnROAD field-test sections in a seasonally cold region, i.e., in Minnesota, USA. Test sections were constructed using recycled materials in the granular base layers at the MnROAD test facility. One test section included 100% RAP, another 100% RCA, a third one a 50/50 blend of RCA/natural aggregate, and a fourth one only natural aggregate (Class 5) as a control. The stiffness (i.e., elastic modulus) was monitored during construction and throughout the pavement life by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, along with the variation of temperatures and moisture regimes in the pavement to determine their effects on pavement performance. The resilient modulus of each material was determined by bench-scale testing in accordance with NCHRP 1-28a, as well as by field-scale tests incorporating a falling-weight deflectometer. Specimens were subjected to as many as 20 cycles of freeze-thaw in the laboratory, and the change in their resilient modulus was measured. In the field-test sections constructed with the same materials as the base course, temperature, moisture, and field modulus (from falling-weight deflectometer tests) were monitored seasonally for nearly 8 years. From the temperatures in the base course layer, the number of freeze-thaw cycles experienced in the field was determined for each test section. Inferences were made relative to modulus change versus freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusions were drawn for long-term field performances of the recycled base (RAB) in comparison to natural aggregate.     

西藏措勤地区中生代的构造变形

：１∶１０万野外地质填图发现,在措勤地区北侧的白垩系中发育了一系列逆冲推覆构造和褶皱构造,且有侵入岩体分布,又被未变形的火山凝灰岩不整合覆盖。根据侵入岩的钾长石和角闪石及其不整合的火山凝灰岩中蚀变斜长石的ＡｒＡｒ法同位素年龄、沉积物质的组成和沉积地层的空间展布等特征,笔者推测这些逆冲断层和褶皱构造均发育于晚白垩世,并早于第三纪。     

FLOW MECHANISMS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN COMPOUND CHANNELS

IINTRODUCTIONCompoundortWo-stagechannelshavereceivedconsiderableattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirrelevancetofloodstudiesinnaturalrivers,theirsignificanceinunderstandingrivermol'phology,andtheiruseinsomefloodalleviationschemeswherethefloodplainshavebeenartificiallyloweredtoproduceengineeredchannels.ThispaperreviewsworkwhichhasbeenundertakenintheUKFloodChannelFacility(FCF)overthepastdecade.TheACewasbuiltatHRWallingfordin1986,asalargescalenationalfacilityforhydraulicengineeringstUdies.T…