黑龙江流域地貌特征及其对农业的意义

黑龙江流域面积十分广阔,达1,843,000平方公里(约有48%在中国境内,50%以上在苏联境内,一小部分在蒙古人民共和国境内)。如果把沿呼伦贝尔的半干旱地区包括在内,总面积近200万平方公里(1,963,000平方公里)。全流域的自然地理条件十分复杂。自     

Evaluation of the Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. digestive gland metallothionein as a biomarker in a long-term field study: seasonal and spatial variability

A study was made of seasonal and spatial variability of metallothionein (MT) concentrations, determined spectrophotometrically in the soluble fraction of the digestive gland of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected between 1999 and 2001 from several coastal and estuarine locations along the central Eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia). The seasonal influence on the MT and metal concentrations (higher values in winter-spring season, than in summer-autumn season) is more pronounced than the local site-specific influence. Furthermore, within each season a significant site-specific dependence on the MT and trace metal variations can be detected. An inverse relationship of mussel condition index (CI) and temperature with MT and trace metals levels indicates the influence of food abundance and mussel annual reproductive cycle. Substantially higher concentrations of both MT and Cd were recorded in mussels inhabiting estuarine locations, possibly indicating a markedly higher Cd bioavailability at these locations. The positive correlations obtained between MT and Cd in all seasons except autumn support an argument for application of digestive gland MT as a biomarker of Cd exposure, providing evidence for assessing the most appropriate season for mussel sampling.     

Water quality monitoring: a combined approach to investigate gradients of change in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

For the managers of a region as large as the Great Barrier Reef, it is a challenge to develop a cost effective monitoring program, with appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to detect changes in water quality. The current study compares water quality data (phytoplankton abundance and water clarity) from remote sensing with field sampling (continuous underway profiles of water quality and fixed site sampling) at different spatial scales in the Great Barrier Reef north of Mackay (20 degrees S). Five transects (20-30 km long) were conducted from clean oceanic water to the turbid waters adjacent to the mainland. The different data sources demonstrated high correlations when compared on a similar spatial scale (18 fixed sites). However, each data source also contributed unique information that could not be obtained by the other techniques. A combination of remote sensing, underway sampling and fixed stations will deliver the best spatial and temporal monitoring of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef.     

Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities

Marine plants colonise several interconnected ecosystems in the Great Barrier Reef region including tidal wetlands, seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Water quality in some coastal areas is declining from human activities. Losses of mangrove and other tidal wetland communities are mostly the result of reclamation for coastal development of estuaries, e.g. for residential use, port infrastructure or marina development, and result in river bank destabilisation, deterioration of water clarity and loss of key coastal marine habitat. Coastal seagrass meadows are characterized by small ephemeral species. They are disturbed by increased turbidity after extreme flood events, but generally recover. There is no evidence of an overall seagrass decline or expansion. High nutrient and substrate availability and low grazing pressure on nearshore reefs have lead to changed benthic communities with high macroalgal abundance. Conservation and management of GBR macrophytes and their ecosystems is hampered by scarce ecological knowledge across macrophyte community types.     

A SHORT NOTE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF ZINC, COPPER AND IRON IN THE POLYCHAETE NEPHTYS HOMBERGI COLLECTED FROM THE TYNE ESTUARY IN ENGLAND

Because of the increasing threat posed by heavy metal pollution of the sea, much work has been done recently to help understand the mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in marine animals. Some organisms, particularly bivalve molluscs, have received a great deal of attention while other organisms, such as the polychaete Nephtys hombergi, have received little attention. The present brief observations are presented here as one of the first contributions made concerning metal accumulation in this species.     

密度差随深度变化的不规则截面二度体的重力异常

本文是将Hubbert(1948)的线积分法用于求得密度差随深度呈线性变化的任意截面二度体的重力异常。以N边的多边形代替物体截面,利用任一边的两个顶点坐标来求其相应的重力异常,然后再对各边产生的重力异常进行求和得出总的重力效应。在这里我们还研究了密度差随深度呈指数变化的情况。利用这个方法求得了美国加州San Jacinto地堑的构造,在该地堑内充填的沉积物其密度差是随深度呈指数增加的。     

巴什基里亚含铜黄铁矿隐伏矿床的预测和找矿

在巴什基里亚的几个矿区——锡拜、巴依马克、布里拜——从事的研究,重点是查明隐伏矿床预测的必要因素,有如:在容矿火山岩层的地质剖面上,在矿区与矿田的构造上,以及在围岩热液蚀变晕中含铜黄铁矿矿体的分布规律.现将研究确定的若干基本规律介绍如下:在马格尼托哥尔斯克大复向斜范围内,含铜黄铁矿矿床赋存于细碧角斑岩(钠流纹玄武岩)建造的志留纪和中泥盆世火山岩系中.不同成分岩层的接触带,经常是辉绿岩与英安玢岩的接触带,以及火山碎屑岩层对硫化矿分布最为有利.含矿火山岩系被中、