Description of radiation conditions and evaluation of the date of <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs release to the atmosphere using the radionuclide transfer model coupled with the forecasts by the mesoscale hydrodynamic model

The estimates of ¹³⁷Cs emissions from the accident happened in Elektrostal at the beginning of April 12, 2013 are presented. The transport of radionuclides and their dry and wet deposition on the surface are computed using the Lagrangian stochastic model of the NOSTRADAMUS software package worked out by Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences. Prognostic fields of wind (horizontal and vertical components) in the lower troposphere, precipitation, and vertical and horizontal turbulence diffusivity coefficients in the lower atmosphere (up to 4 km) were used as input data. Prognostic fields were obtained using the WRF-ARW numerical mesoscale model.     

The role of sulfate aerosol in the formation of cloudiness over the sea

We estimate the impact of sulfate aerosols on cloudiness formation over the sea in the middle troposphere and the involvement of these particles in the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the lower stratosphere. The first of these problems is solved using a combined model of moist convection and the formation of cloudiness and sulfate aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over the sea, incorporating natural emissions of sulfur-containing compounds. We have found that a significant source of condensation nuclei in the troposphere is the photochemical transformation of biogenic dimethyl sulfide (in addition to NaCl). The results of numerical experiments indicate that the absence of sulfate aerosols hinders the cloudiness formation over the sea in the middle and upper troposphere. The problem of sulfate aerosol involvement in the formation of supercooled ternary solutions (STSs) (PSC Type Ib) in the lower stratosphere is solved using a mathematical model of global transport of multicomponent gas pollutants and aerosols in the atmosphere. Using the combined model, numerical experiments were performed for the winter season in both hemispheres. Sulfate aerosols were found to really participate in the formation of STS particles. Without their participation, the formation of STS particles in the lower stratosphere would be hindered. We present the results of numerical calculations and discuss the distribution of concentrations of gaseous nitric and sulfuric acids, as well as mass concentrations of these components in STS particles.     

A model of low-mass neutron stars with a quark core

We consider an equation of state that leads to a first-order phase transition from the nucleon state to the quark state with a transition parameter λ>3/2 (λ=ρ_Q/(ρ_N+P₀/c²)) in superdense nuclear matter. Our calculations of integrated parameters for superdense stars using this equation of state show that on the stable branch of the dependence of stellar mass on central pressure dM/dP_c>0) in the range of low masses, a new local maximum with M_max=0.082_⊙ and R=1251 km appears after the formation of a toothlike kink (M=0.08M_⊙, R=205 km) attributable to quark production. For such a star, the mass and radius of the quark core are M_core=0.005M_⊙ and R_core=1.73 km, respectively. In the model under consideration, mass accretion can result in two successive transitions to a quark-core neutron star with energy release similar to a supernova explosion: initially, a low-mass star with a quark core is formed; the subsequent accretion leads to configurations with a radius of ～1000 km; and, finally, the second catastrophic restructuring gives rise to a star with a radius of ～100 km.     

Instrumental Determination of the Earth’s South Magnetic Pole Position During the Round-the-World Antarctic Expedition on Board the Russian Navy ORV Admiral Vladimirsky

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—The round-the-world Antarctic expedition of the Russian Navy that took place from December 2019 to June 2020 on board the Russian Navy...     

Radiative transfer for incoherent scattering in a semiinfinite inhomogeneous atmosphere containing energy sources

Byurakanskaya Astrophysical Laboratory. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 563–574, October–December, 1993.