岩溶表层带基流分割及其变化特征——以Velika Pasica溶洞为例

以表层带岩溶洞穴Velika Pasica溶洞内两个滴水点为研究对象,利用数字滤波法、最小平滑值法,以及两者结合的最小平滑值滤波法,对岩溶表层带水流进行基流分割分析。结果表明:对于特殊的岩溶表层带含水层,递归数字滤波法在滤波参数值（α）为0.925和0.95时,经过正反正三次滤波处理后得到比较好的基流分割效果;经过最小平滑值法处理后再进行一次数字滤波处理,得到结果与在α=0.95时经过三次滤波得到的结果相近。表层带基流分割处理的研究为其调蓄机制的研究提供科学依据。     

Radio frequency interference measurements in Indonesia

We report the first measurements of radio frequency spectrum occupancy performed at sites aimed to host the future radio astronomy observatory in Indonesia. The survey is intended to obtain the radio frequency interference (RFI) environment in a spectral range from low frequency 10 MHz up to 8 GHz. The measurements permit the identification of the spectral occupancy over those selected sites in reference to the allocated radio spectrum in Indonesia. The sites are in close proximity to Australia, the future host of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) at low frequency. Therefore, the survey was deliberately made to approximately adhere the SKA protocol for RFI measurements, but with lower sensitivity. The RFI environment at Bosscha Observatory in Lembang was also measured for comparison. Within the sensitivity limit of the measurement equipment, it is found that a location called Fatumonas in the surrounding of Mount Timau in West Timor has very low level of RFI, with a total spectrum occupancy in this measured frequency range being about 1 %, mostly found at low frequency below 20 MHz. More detailed measurements as well as a strategy for a radio quiet zone must be implemented in the near future.     

A cornucopia of presolar and early solar system materials at the micrometer size range in primitive chondrite matrix

Abstract— We have used a variety of complementary microanalytical techniques to constrain the mineralogy, trace‐element distributions, and oxygen‐isotopic compositions in a 50 × 50 μm area of Acfer 094 matrix. The results reveal the exceptional mineralogical and compositional heterogeneity of this material at the sub‐μm level. We observe μm‐scale and sub‐μm grains with elemental associations suggesting feldspar, metal with widely varying Ni contents, and a Cr‐Fe alloy (in addition to forsterite, pyroxene, sulfide, ferrihydrite, and amorphous groundmass previously described). A new class of μm‐scale CAI (μCAI) is also observed, which show sub‐μm compositional zoning, and a range of oxygen isotopic compositions. Unlike the larger CAIs in Acfer 094, which are uniformly ¹⁶O‐enriched, two of the three μCAIs we analyzed are isotopically normal. We also observed a Li‐rich hotspot that detailed analysis by ToF‐SIMS suggests may be a LiCr‐oxide grain. Within the resolution of the NanoSIMS, this grain has isotopically normal Li. Finally, in our 50 × 50 μm area, we positively identified a presolar grain that is the most ¹⁸O‐rich silicate found so far in meteorites. The grain may originate from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, or more likely, a supernova. In line with previous TEM studies (Greshake 1997), we find no evidence for clastic material (e.g., fragmental chondrules) in the matrix of Acfer 094: although the matrix is volatile‐depleted, this depletion does not appear to result from dilution of a primordial starting material with (depleted) chondrule fragments. Assuming that matrix experienced the depletion event, our data on the detailed mineralogy of Acfer 094 are currently equivocal in constraining the nature of that event. We observe carrier phases for several elements consistent with conditions approaching equilibrium condensation; however, the presence of an amorphous groundmass is suggestive of more rapid cooling.     

Eccentric Eclipsing Binary YY Sagittarii

Seven new precise times of minimum light have been gathered for the triple eccentric eclipsing binary YY Sgr (P = 2^d.63, e = 0.16). Its O--C diagram is presented and improved elements of the apsidal motion and the light-time effect are given. We found a new short period of the third body of about 18.5 years in an eccentric orbit (e ₃ ≃ 0.4).     

Great-circle Rayleigh wave attenuation and group velocity,Part I: Observations for periods between 150 and 600 seconds for seven great-circle paths

Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients and group velocities have been estimated for seven great-circle paths. The attenuation coefficient measurements cover the period range from 100 to 500 s, and group velocities the range from 100 to 600 s. Global average group velocities and attenuation coefficients have also been estimated for these period ranges. The spread of the individual path group velocities for 20-s averaging windows centred at 290, 250, 210, 180 and 150 s is less than 0.034, 0.028, 0.024, 0.048 and 0.071 km/s, respectively. Global average attenuation coefficients, when combined with global average group velocities, show that Q for Rayleigh waves has an approximately constant value of about 145 for periods between 150 and 220 s and slowly increases to a value of about 200 at a period of 400 s.     

The sensitivity of winter evaporation to the formulation of aerodynamic resistance in the ECMWF model

In atmospheric models, the roughness length for momentum, heat and moisture are often taken equal, and tuned to the momentum budget problem. In this paper, it is shown that the roughness lengths have considerable impact on the evaporation in winter. One-column simulations of the land-surface scheme are driven with a long time series of observations for Cabauw in The Netherlands. It is shown that with the operational roughness lengths for this location (as in use at ECMWF in May 1993), evaporation in January, February and March is overestimated by more than a factor 2. More realistic parameters, as documented for this site, virtually eliminate the error. This study shows the importance of the surface roughness lengths in determining evaporation from wet surfaces. It also illustrates the strength of long observational time series in identifying model deficiencies.     

Prehnit — ein neuer Schichtsilikattyp

Zusammenfassung Prehnitkristalle vom Radautal, Harzburg, besitzen die Gitterkonstanten a=4,62₇ Å, b=5,49₀ Å, c=18,48 Å, die Raumgruppe P2cm–C _2v ⁴ , Z=2 für die Formel Ca₂Al(OH)₂[Si₃AlO₁₀]. Es wird gezeigt, daß im Prehnit ein neuer Schichtsilikattyp verwirklicht ist, der einer Vierereinfachschicht [Si₃AlO₁₀] ² entspricht. Die Lage der Schicht, senkrecht zur c-Achse, spiegelt die Spaltbarkeit in dieser Ebene gut wider. Ferner wird ausgeführt, daß in der Struktur des Prehnits vom Radautal die Si/Al-Verteilung einen hohen Ordnungsgrad besitzt.

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Summary Prehnite crystals from Radautal, Harzburg, have the lattice parameters a=4.62₇ Å, b=5.49₀ Å, c=18,48 Å, the space group P2cm–C _2v ⁴ , Z=2 for the formula Ca₂Al(OH)₂[Si₃AlO₁₀]. It is proved that in prehnite a new type of layer silicate is realized, in this case a Vierer-single layer [Si₃AlO₁₀] ² . This layer which is perpenticular to the c-axis reflects the cleavage in this plane. It is shown further that in the prehnite structure from Radautal the Si/Al-distribution has a high degree of order.

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Microwave link rainfall estimation: Effects of link length and frequency,temporal sampling,power resolution,and wet antenna attenuation

Issues associated with microwave link rainfall estimation such as the effects of spatial and temporal variation in rain, the nonlinearity of R–k$R''–''k$ relations, temporal sampling, power resolution, and wet antenna attenuation are investigated using more than 1.5 years of data from a high-resolution X-band weather radar. Microwave link signals are generated for different link frequencies and lengths from these radar data, so that retrieved path-averaged rainfall intensities can be compared to true path-averaged values. Results of these simulations can be linked to the space–time structure of rain. A frequency-dependent relation between the rainfall intensity at an antenna and the attenuation caused by its wetting is derived using microwave link and rain gauge data. It is shown that if the correct temporal sampling strategy is chosen, the effects of the degradation of power resolution and of wet antenna attenuation (if a correction is applied) are minor (i.e., MBE and bias-corrected RMSE are >−20% and <20% of the mean rainfall intensity, respectively) for link frequencies and lengths above ∼20 GHz and ∼2 km, respectively.