青藏块体强震与祁连山地震带中强震相关性的初步探讨

对青藏块体强震与祁连山地震带中强震的相关性进行了初步分析。结果表明：青藏块体发生强地震后,祁连山地震带中强地震活动具有增强趋势。通过分析认为,祁连山地震带已进入新的地震活跃期,并有可能发生7级以上地震。     

东亚夏季风的自然变率——NCAR Cam3模拟结果分析

利用季节循环的全球观测海表温度及海冰驱动NCAR Cam3全球大气环流模式的100a模拟结果,通过定义东亚夏季风指数,分析了模拟的大气内部变化中东亚夏季风的变化特征。结果表明:模拟的东亚夏季风自然变率主要表现为3~7a较显著的年际周期,并具有较明显的年代际变化特征。在弱夏季风年代,亚洲大陆海平面气压增强,日本附近及东亚沿海地区海平面气压降低;500hPa位势高度上,欧洲地区为负高度距平,里海附近地区为正高度距平,日本及其以东太平洋为负高度距平,易形成类似欧亚(EU)型的遥相关波列。在强夏季风年代,其环流异常分布基本与弱夏季风年代相反。模拟的东亚夏季风变化与夏季大气内部500hPa高度场上EU型遥相关波列的关系密切。     

2-D P-wave velocity structure in the mideast segment of Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone: Anxin-Xianghe-Kuancheng DSS profile

Introduction The Capital-circle area is the center of politics, economy and culture of China, and manystrong earthquakes occurred here in history. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone located in thearea is an important active zone. In the period of 500 years between AD 1481~1981, 18 earth-quakes with magnitude more than 6 occurred in the area and 11 of them lay in this active tectoniczone. During 1992~2001, continuous GPS observation found sinistral relative movement betweenYanshan Mo…     

地震动态触发机制的初步研究

提出地震的动态触发模式。用三维非线性动态有限元方法研究了地震的动态触发的可能机制。模拟结果表明,应力波在反射后发生半波损失,压缩波可以转变成拉伸波,反之亦然。因此,动应力包含有拉伸应力。拉伸波叠加或干涉形成较大的动态应力,减小围压,因此减小了内摩擦力,从而触发地震,研究表明断层形态会影响动态应力,认为地震触 发的位置与孕震体边界形状有关。本文还结合有关地学理论和资料,对以上结果进行了相应的分析并给出物理解释。     

基于观测应力场的大华北地区动力学机制探讨

采用伪三维有限元方法, 利用观测应力场应力取向和应力状态作为主要约束, 对华北地区的构造应力场进行了数值模拟. 结果显示, 华北地区应力场主要受到来自太平洋板块和青藏高原挤压作用的控制. 太平洋板块的北西西向的挤压作用对这一地区, 尤其是华北平原地区构造应力场的影响更大. 同时, 上涌地幔沿盆地边缘法线方向的引张, 对这一地区的应力场的形成也起到一定的作用.      

中国东北地区地震活动特征及其与日本海板块俯冲的关系

分析中国东北地区深震 (mb≥ 6 .0 )及浅震 (MS≥ 5 .0 )的成组性活动特征 ,研究了深震“强震组”与浅震“强震组”的时、空相关性。着重探讨了西太平洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞带的地震分布特征及其与西太平洋俯冲带形态的关系 ,并着重分析了西太平洋板块对欧亚板块地震活动的影响。结果表明 :西太平洋板块俯冲倾角小的地区 ,板块碰撞带地震活动强烈 ,板块俯冲对欧亚大陆的影响也较强 ,俯冲带处于较强的挤压应力状态 ;西太平洋板块俯冲倾角大的地区 ,板块碰撞带地震活动较弱 ,板块俯冲对欧亚大陆的影响也较弱 ,深部俯冲带引张应力增强。分析认为 ,未来 10年中国东北地区将进入浅震“强震组”活动时段 ,期间可能发生MS≥ 5 .0地震 6次左右 ,应加强东北地区的地震监测预报工作     

华北地区地壳水平运动演化特征研究

将华北地区划分为阴山-燕山、鄂尔多斯、山西、太行、冀鲁、胶辽6个块体，应用1995、1996、2001年GPS观测资料研究了这些块体的水平运动演化特征。结果显示出华北地区各块体的相对运动既有继承性也有差异性。华北各块体的总体水平运动趋势是向东漂移，但是个别块体，如鄂尔多斯块体，在1995～1996年期间出现了相对的西向运动。1995～1996年期间华北各块体的运动速率比1996～2001年期间的运动速率要大，特别是阴山-燕山块体。1995～1996年期间鄂尔多斯块体和相邻的山西块体表现为张性分离，阴山-燕山块体之间表现为左旋走滑，这一现象可能与1996～1999年期间发生在华北西北部的3个地震的孕震过程有关。进一步分析表明，加密的连续GPS观测可用于地震预报。     

Glass and Mineral Chemistry of Northern Central Indian Ridge Basalts:Compositional Diversity and Petrogenetic Significance

Abstract: The glass and mineral chemistry of basalts examined from the northern central Indian ridge (NCIR) provides an insight into magma genesis around the vicinity of two transform faults: Vityaz (VT) and Vema (VM). The studied mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from the outer ridge flank (VT area) and a near-ridge seamount (VM area) reveal that they are moderately phyric plagioclase basalts composed of plagioclase (phenocryst [An60–90] and groundmass [An35–79]), olivine (Fo81–88), diopside (Wo45–51, En25–37, Fs14–24), and titanomagnetite (FeOt ~63.75 wt% and TiO2 ~22.69 wt%). The whole-rock composition of these basalts has similar Mg# [mole Mg/mole(Mg+Fe2+)] (VT basalt: ~0.56–0.58; VM basalt: ~0.57), but differ in their total alkali content (VT basalt: ~2.65; VM basalt: ~3.24). The bulk composition of the magma was gradually depleted in MgO and enriched in FeOt, TiO2, P2O5, and Na2O with progressive fractionation, the basalts were gradually enriched in Y and Zr and depleted in Ni and Cr. In addition, the SREE of magma also increased with fractionation, without any change in the (La/Yb)N value. Glass from the VM seamount shows more fractionated characters (Mg#: 0.56–0.57) compared to the outer ridge flank lava of the VT area (Mg#: 0.63–0.65). This study concludes that present basalts experienced low-pressure crystallization at a relatively shallow depth. The geochemical changes in the NCIR magmas resulted from fractional crystallization at a shallow depth. As a consequence, spinel was the first mineral to crystallize at a pressure >10 kbar, followed by Fe-rich olivine at <10 kbar pressure.     

Curating NASA's extraterrestrial samples—Past, present, and future

The NASA Johnson Space Center Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office has the unique responsibility to curate NASA's extraterrestrial samples – from past and forthcoming missions – into the indefinite future. Presently curation includes documentation, preservation, preparation, and distribution of samples from the Moon, asteroids, comets, the solar wind, and the planet Mars. Each of these sample sets has a unique history and comes from a unique environment. The curation laboratories and procedures developed over forty years have proven both necessary and sufficient to serve the evolving needs of a worldwide research community. A new generation of sample return missions is being planned and proposed to destinations across the solar system. Curation must evolve to meet the increased challenges of these new samples.     

环境同位素及其示踪技术在地震预测研究中的应用前景

随着新的观测技术和理论的快速发展,环境同位素示踪技术在分析与地震孕育、发生有关的地下水动态信息中有可能发挥重要作用。简单介绍了稳定同位素2H、18O以及放射性同位素3H、14C的特征与示踪技术,详细阐述前人应用环境同位素在地下水活动规律中所开展的研究,包括地下水的补给来源、地下热水的循环深度、水岩相互作用、地下水的年龄等,并重点分析了这种示踪技术在研究地下水对构造活动发生和对应力应变响应等方面的应用。积极推进环境同位素示踪技术的应用,对地下流体地震前兆信息的评估、地震活动性强度的判定、流体在孕震过程中作用的探讨,以及井孔映震效能的评价等方面的研究具有重要的意义。