Volume estimation and stage division of the Mahu landslide in Sichuan Province,China

The Mahu lake, the third deepest lake in China, is located on the west bank of the Jinsha River in Leibo county, Sichuan Province. It is a dammed lake created by an old landslide on the ancient Huanglang river, a tributary on the west bank of the Jinsha River. Previous studies (Wang and Lu in J Mt Res S1:44–47, 2000) suggested that this landslide was caused by an earthquake approximately 372 ka (Middle Pleistocene), during which a few hundreds of million cubic meters of debris were deposited between 1177 and 900 m a.s.l. (above sea level), covering an area of around 15 km². Our further investigations, including geodetic survey, borehole drilling, and field reconnaissance, combining with five chronological data, have made some new discoveries at this site. First, the toe of the landslide extends from 900 m a.s.l. down to 320 m a.s.l., i.e., the local bed elevation of the contemporary Jinsha River. Second, the area of the landslide deposits is 17.3 km² with a volume of 2.38 km³, much larger than the previous estimation. Thus, it should be one of the largest known landslides in China. And the lower elevation of the landslide’s toe also rules out the possibility that it is a hanging valley on the ancient Huanglang river. Our work suggests that this landslide was created by five events according to the overlapping characteristics of the deposits and five chronological data, which are old than 52,600 years, old than 16,000 years, old than 15,500 years, 5800 years, and old than 4200 years, respectively.     

我国红黏土物理力学性能研究现状及展望

采用文献综述研究方法,梳理了红黏土研究成果并进行了评述,对红黏土的物理力学性质进行了归纳和总结,对红黏土的性能改良研究成果进行了汇总,指出红黏土的物理力学性能的差异性根源在于微观结构的个性差异存在,红黏土性能改良的困难在于红黏土的水敏性和热敏性,红黏土性能改良的关键在于控制其含水率。最后指出了研究不足在于普适性理论和知识体系没有构建,改良方法和技术探究应该加强,展望了红黏土性能改良的物理—化学—生物耦合作用的机理及复合技术开发和应用的研究。     

Seasonal Variation of MODIS Vegetation Indexes and Their Statistical Relationship With Climate Over the Subtropic Evergreen Forest in Zhejiang, China

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 16-day 1-km vegetation index products, daily temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and precipitation from 2001 to 2004 were utilized to analyze the temporal variations of the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), as well as their correlations with climate over the evergreen forested sites in Zhejiang-a humid subtropical region in the southeast of China. The results showed that both NDVI and EVI could discern the seasonal variation of the evergreen forests. Attributed to the sufficient precipitation in the study area, the growth of vegetation is mainly controlled by energy; as a result, NDVI, and especially EVI, is more correlated with temperature and PAR than precipitation. Compared with NDVI, EVI is more sensitive to climate condition and is a better indicator to study vegetation variations in the study region     

拉萨地体南缘早始新世荣玛辉长岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

印度-欧亚大陆初始碰撞后的新特提斯洋板片断离过程至今尚未得到较好的约束.对拉萨地体南缘荣玛地区早始新世辉长岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量及Sr-Nd同位素分析,探讨了岩石成因及动力学意义,以进一步约束新特提斯洋板片断离过程.研究结果表明,荣玛辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为51±1 Ma,形成于早始新世;地球化学特征显...     

湖北赤壁二叠纪一三叠纪之交古海洋沉积环境演化

晚二叠世时,湖北赤壁位于扬子台地与北部硅质岩盆地的过渡地带.特殊的古地理位置,使该地区发育一套独特的地层 沉积序列.沉积微相、古生物化石和草莓状黄铁矿的综合研究表明,晚二叠世长兴期至早三叠世早期,赤壁剖面沉积环境演化 可分为6个阶段:近氧化的深水台缘硅质岩沉积、含氧量正常的台缘缓坡沉积、火山活动加剧而含氧量正常的台缘缓坡沉积、 大灭绝后严重缺氧环境的沉积、大灭绝后贫氧环境下的沉积、大灭绝后氧化环境的沉积.由于赤壁剖面处在远离陆地的台缘缓 坡环境,陆源剥蚀的影响可能比较有限,因此火山作用带来的营养物质可能是引起大灭绝后海洋缺氧的主要原因.      

光学亮星系大尺度分布中的多级结构

本文在Wen等人工作的基础上,对CfA红移巡天样本中银道以北和以南天区中星系的大尺度分布分别进行了分维计算并比较其所得结果。分析表明,这两个区域内星系的大尺度分布存在显著差异。说明CfA样本还不能构成代表宇宙大尺度结构的好样本。另一方面,两个区域中样本分析结果又存在着一些明显的共同点:它们都表现出明显的多级分形特征。结合对IRAS星系红移巡天样本和星系分立小天区红移巡天样本的分析结果。我们认为,多级分形很可能是宇宙大尺度结构的一个普遍和重要的特征。本文对这一特征的含义也作了简略的讨论。     

测井仪器的故障分析与排除思路

TYSC-3Q与PSJ-2型数字测井仪是目前煤田测井中常用的二种测井仪器,在使用过程中难免发生诸如测井控制故障、声速探管故障、密度三侧向探管故障、井温、井液电阻率探管故障、电法面板故障、数字测井面板故障、电测井故障等常见故障类型。通过对各类故障因素进行剖析,指出了故障易发生的部位,并详细的介绍了检查的方法及故障的排除步骤。     

Exploring the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use in Xizhuang watershed of Yunnan, southwest China

Over the last two decades, China has introduced a series of agricultural and forestland use reforms, aiming to feed the largest population in the world and maintain ecological services locally and nationally. This paper studies the impacts of local government-driven reforestation on land use and land cover change, as well as its further impacts on livelihoods of upland farmers in Xizhuang watershed. An analysis of aerial photographs and ASTER satellite imagery from 1987 to 2002, respectively, showed that the forest has significantly increased at the expense of decreasing farmland. However, the monoculture reforestation of pine has caused both biophysical and socio-economic consequences. This case study also shows forestry decentralization in China remains incomplete. Land use and land cover change is also a political economic issue. Some of the reforms designed to protect forest resources have had a negative impact on rural livelihoods.     

北半球中高纬度低频振荡对2012/2013年冬季中国东北极端低温事件的影响

利用NCEP/DOE的逐日再分析资料和国家气象信息中心的常规观测站温度资料,首先分析了2012/2013年冬季中国东北区域极端低温事件过程中区域平均温度的低频振荡变化特征,然后分析了北半球中高纬度对流低层和中层低频环流系统配置的变化及其与东北地区强冷空气活动过程的联系,最后进一步研究了中高纬度低频环流系统的传播特征及其对温度变化的影响。主要结果有:（1）2012/2013年冬季东北区域平均温度存在很强的30～60 d的周期振荡特征,同时伴随较强的10～30 d低频振荡,后者与实际降温过程对应关系更好;（2）对10～30 d的低频振荡而言,在东北地区低频温度变化降低最大的位相7（位相3升高最大）,500 hPa上,我国东部地区正好处于贝加尔湖地区的低频高压（低压）环流和日本海的低频低压（高压）环流型之间的低频偏北（偏南）的较强引导气流中;同时在850 hPa上,我国东部从东北到南海都是较强的偏北（偏南）低频风控制,这使得东亚冬季风环流系统加强（被抑制）,东北区域则经历一次大幅度的低频温度降低（升高）过程,这些高低空低频环流系统的配置和演变导致了2012/2013年冬季一次次强（或较强）的冷空气沿偏东偏北的路径影响我国东北地区,并导致极端低温事件的出现;（3）沿着乌拉尔山-贝加尔湖-我国东北地区-西北太平洋传播的500 hPa低频波列,是驱动2012/2013年冬季东亚冬季风低频振荡和我国东北地区极端低温事件的环流系统。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储集层孔隙结构特征及储渗能力——以四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯四段为例

为全面表征缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储集层的孔隙结构特征及储渗能力,借助多种测试技术对四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯四段储集层样品进行分析与研究。首先利用铸体薄片和扫描电镜技术定性刻画了储集层的岩性、物性、储集空间和喉道特征,然后根据高压压汞得到的毛管压力曲线对储集层进行分类,最后基于多尺度CT扫描定量表征了3类样品的二维、三维孔隙结构特征。结果表明：研究区储集空间既有受组构控制的粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和晶间溶孔等,又有不受组构控制的溶洞、溶缝和构造缝;喉道以缩颈、片状和管束状为主;根据毛管压力曲线特征,储集层可划分为缝洞型、孔洞型和孔隙型;缝洞型大孔隙与溶洞发育,分布均匀且连通性好,喉道粗大且数量较多,微裂缝与溶洞串接呈串珠状分布,沟通了孤立的储集空间,具有最好的储渗能力;孔洞型多尺度孔隙与溶洞发育,储集能力强,喉道粗大但数量较少,连通性较差,各储集空间无法有效沟通,渗流能力受限;孔隙型细小孔隙发育且分布不均,大部分区域被岩石骨架占据,喉道数量少且连通性极差,储渗能力弱。