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981.
982.
V. I. Baranov L. A. Gribov V. A. Dement’ev I. V. Mikhailov 《Geochemistry International》2016,54(11):1011-1018
We analyzed the character of molecular transformations under conditions of condensed media, in which intermolecular interactions always occur. It was shown that, instead of discrete transfer of external energy into the molecule, the energy characteristics of the condensed medium (appearance of zones) could result in gradual accumulation of internal energy in reaction centers owing to sequential thermal collisions with particles of the medium initiating the chemical reaction. This does not require high temperatures. The established physical properties related to the energy characteristics of condensed media could play an important role in molecular transformations and, consequently, formation of complex molecular objects at early stages of biosphere formation. 相似文献
983.
S. V. Stefanovsky S. V. Yudintsev S. E. Vinokurov B. F. Myasoedov 《Geochemistry International》2016,54(13):1136-1155
This paper considers various matrices that are able to incorporate components of radioactive wastes (RAW) of different origin. It is noted that attempts to develop the single phase crystalline matrix to immobilize all RAW components failed. The only single phase matrix brought to the industrial application is glass, which is able to accumulate practically all RAW components but in limited concentrations. Prospects are related with some types of ceramics for immobilization of narrow fractions of RAW or individual radionuclides (for instance, minor actinides), as well as some types of low-temperature matrices (iron-phosphate, magnesium–potassium–phosphate, and geopolymers). Approaches to choosing the technology of waste form synthesis are considered. Perspectives of application of both high-temperature (cold-crucible induction melting, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) methods and modified cementation technologies are demonstrated. It is noted that the final isolation of RAW from the biosphere suggests their disposal in underground repositories. The most difficult technical problem is the disposal of RAW containing long-lived radionuclides. It is shown that the quantitative assessment of repository safety with allowance for their characteristics and all possible processes and phenomena is required to substantiate the safe disposal of long-lived radionuclides. 相似文献
984.
A model for the composition of meteoritic nanodiamonds is suggested based on analysis of the concentrations and isotopic compositions of C, N, and Xe in the nanodiamond-rich grain-size fractions, which were separated for the first time from the Orgueil CI chondrite. According to the model, meteoritic nanodiamond consists of two populations of grains (denoted CHL and CN). The size distributions of grains in populations in the CHL and CN populations are different: the CHL population is finer grained than CN. The grains of the CHL population are characterized by a radial gradient in the carbon isotopic composition, and they contain implanted anomalous noble gases (HL component) and the heavy nitrogen isotope 15N. Following (Clayton et al., 1995), the probable astrophysical source of this population of nanodiamond grains is thought to be the mixing helium and hydrogen shells of a Type-II supernova, and the mechanism that produced these grains was the slow CVD process. The CN population grains have homogeneous isotopic compositions of carbon (δ13C ≡–100‰) and nitrogen (δ15N ≡–400‰) and contain almost all nitrogen of the nanodiamond-rich fractions. This population of nanodiamond grains was likely formed by a fast unequilibrated process, when shock waves affected organic compounds or gas rich in C- and N-bearing compounds during the early evolution of the protosolar nebula. Calculations within the framework of the model show that the nanodiamond-rich fractions separated from the Orgueil meteorite have the CN/CHL ratios varying from 1 in the finest grained fraction to 10 in the coarse-grained one. At these proportions of the populations, weighted mean δ13C values of CHL grains in the fractions lie within the range of 42 to 394‰, and the concentrations of 132Xe-HL and 15N are (49–563) × 10–8 cm3/gC and (1.1–6.2) × 10–5 cm3/gC, respectively. 相似文献
985.
N. M. Sushchevskaya O. V. Levchenko E. P. Dubinin B. V. Belyatsky 《Geochemistry International》2016,54(3):237-256
The study of magmatism and tectonic structure of the East Indian or Ninetyeast Ridge (NER) reveals the geochemical similarity of mantle sources for the NER and Kerguelen Plateau melts. Magmas related to the Kerguelen plume were derived from an enriched mantle source, whereas the NER tholeiitic basalts originated from a source contaminated by a depleted material. While, depleted basalt varieties were not found within the NER basalts. It was shown that magmatic rocks forming the NER were generated by high degrees (30%) of partial melting within the ancient Wharton spreading ridge due to the activity of the Kerguelen plume, which was located at this time in the vicinity of the ridge. The most significant impact of the plume on the NER structures was recorded at 70–50 Ma ago. 相似文献
986.
A. G. Kalmykov E. A. Manuilova G. A. Kalmykov V. S. Belokhin N. I. Korobova O. M. Makarova E. V. Kozlova R. A. Khamidullin V. A. Shishkov A. G. Ivanova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(6):429-435
The possible reservoir type of the Bazhenov Formation relative to the intervals enriched in phosphates (apatite varieties) is described in this work. The phosphate rocks are characterized by a highly developed pore space; their porosity can reach up to 14%. Along with this, these rocks have explicit geochemical characteristics of oil-reservoir rocks in comparison with other rock samples in the well. As an example, the productivity index and oil-saturation index for phosphates are twice as high as the background values. The composition of such rocks can slightly vary: fluorine can be observed in phosphate minerals, while the rock is always enriched in organic matter (>8 wt %). 相似文献
987.
M. A. Solovyeva A. V. Starovoytov G. G. Akhmanov O. M. Khlystov A. V. Khabuev M. Yu. Tokarev D. A. Chensky 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(6):416-428
As a result of careful interpretation of the data of recent seismo-acoustic surveys, two major seismic complexes were identified in the structure of the upper sedimentary section of the north-western slope of Kukuy Griva (ridge). They are composed of several inner seismo-facies, which are very characteristic and separated with well-expressed regional reflector. Seismic and acoustic data revealed evidences of numerous landslide processes which were different in age and peculiarities of manifestation. For the first time, detailed schemes of seismo-facies distribution are compiled for major seismic complexes at the area. The boundary between seismic complexes is dated as 150 thousands years. It is shown that sliding was more intensive during Late Pleistocene and Holocene, reflecting activation of tectonic movements in this part of Baikal rift system. 相似文献
988.
V. T. Trofimov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(6):457-461
This paper reports on the total results obtained in solving morphological, retrospective, and engineering geological forecast tasks for loess-soil massifs. It is shown that the maximum relative subsidence ranges from 0.17 to 0.21, the thickness of subsiding loess massifs is 55 m under a natural load, the maximum number of cyclites composed of subsiding loess soils reaches ten, and more often the number of buried subsiding soils does not exceed four to five in a section of a loess massif. The main result in solving these retrospective engineering-geological tasks was the development of eight hypotheses and mechanisms of loess-soil subsidence, on the basis of which a general theory and four particular theories on the formation of loess subsidence were formulated. The result of solving the forecast tasks was the elaboration of methods for the calculation of the expected settlement of loess massifs under different conditions of wetting and the development of hydrogeochemical, geochemical, geotechnical, and integrated techniques for the improvement of the properties of loess-soil massifs. 相似文献
989.
K. Yu. Vasilieva E. A. Bakay V. B. Ershova R. R. Khusnitdinov A. K. Khudoley E. V. Kozlova S. A. Soloveva 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(6):445-450
The Riphean rocks of the Baikit anteclise have been examined using pyrolysis Rock–Eval 6 to evaluate the subsidence history and erosion level. The studied Riphean rocks have the МK3–МK4 catagenesis grade. Based on the catagenesis of organic matter we propose a model of maximum burial before the beginning of the accumulation of Vendian deposits. Estimated calculations of subsidence and erosion have shown that the assessed catagenesis grade could be reached at a depth of 7 km, while the erosion level was approximately 5–7 km. 相似文献
990.
N. P. Fadeeva E. V. Kozlova E. N. Poludetkina T. A. Shardanova N. V. Pronina A. V. Stupakova G. A. Kalmykov A. N. Khomyak 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(1):41-49
The factors that are responsible for the formation of the hydrocarbon-generation potential and its occurrence in the Devonian carbonate sequences (Domanik Formation) of the Volga–Ural petroliferous basin are considered. The rocks of this formation are characterized by a high generation potential that is sufficient for the formation of large oil and gas accumulations. The highly carbonaceous deposits lack reservoirs. 相似文献