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11.
Vladimir V. Kukarskih Nadezhda M. Devi Pavel A. Moiseev Andrey A. Grigoriev Maksim O. Bubnov 《山地科学学报》2018,15(4):722-729
This paper presents a dendroclimatic analysis of Siberian larch trees sampled along a latitudinal 260-km transect located in the Polar Urals,Russia. Three standardised chronologies were built over a length of 230–293 years using 79 individual tree-ring chronologies collected in the southern,middle and northern parts of the Polar Urals.Bootstrapped correlation functions showed that the annual growth of the larches was mainly influenced by the air temperatures in June and July. The relative role of the temperatures increased from south to north. Daily air temperature data analysis revealed that the duration of the growing season in the northern part of the Polar Urals is 24 days less than that in the southern part. At the present time, air temperatures exceeded threshold of 8~℃, 5 days earlier than it did in the beginning of the 20 th century In response to the increase in the duration of the growing season and the changing winter conditions in the Polar Urals over the last 130 years, radial growth–temperature relationships in larches have weakened;this effect was strongly pronounced in the southern part of the Polar Urals. 相似文献
12.
Many tens of severe earthquake damage patterns were revealed at the ancient city of Ayla. The seismic deformation patterns
are of various types, including systematic tilting of walls, systematic shifting and rotation of wall fragments and individual
stones, arch deformations and joints crossing two or more stones. Features of later repair, supporting walls and secondary
use of building stones suggest that the damage patterns can be explained by two historical devastating earthquakes: (I) revealed
in the constructions built during the late Rashidun period (644–656 A.D.); (II) revealed in the structures restored and/or
built during the Fatimid period (1050–1116 A.D.). The maximum observed intensity of both earthquakes at the studied site was
not less than IX (EMS98 scale). The sources of the seismic events were probably the Dead Sea Transform and Wadi Araba Faults
that cross the site obliquely. The last 1995 Nuweiba earthquake with maximum observed intensity VIII has also left its clear
traces in the excavated ancient Ayla buildings. The severity of the destruction was significantly increased because of site
effects. 相似文献
13.
Vadim S. Kamenetsky Andrey A. Gurenko 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(4):465-481
The origin of compositional heterogeneities among the magmas parental to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) was investigated using
a single rock piece of the olivine-phyric basalt from 43°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (AII D11-177). The exceptional feature of this
sample is presence of very primitive olivine crystals (90–91 mol% Fo) that are significantly variable in terms of CaO (0.15–0.35 wt%).
A population of low-Ca olivine (0.15–0.25 wt% CaO) is also notably distinct from high-Ca olivine population in AII D11-177,
and primitive MORB olivine in general, in having unusual assemblage of trapped mineral and glass inclusions. Mineral inclusions
are represented by high-magnesian (Mg# 90.7–91.1 mol%) orthopyroxene and Cr-spinel, distinctly enriched in TiO2 (up to 5 wt%, c.f. <1 wt% in common MORB spinel). Glass inclusions associated with orthopyroxene and high-Ti Cr-spinel have
andesitic compositions (53–58 wt% SiO2). Compared to the pillow-rim glass and “normal” MORB inclusions, the Si-rich glass inclusions in low-Ca olivine have strongly
reduced Ca and elevated concentrations of Ti, Na, K, P, Cl, and highly incompatible trace elements. Strong variability is
recorded among glass inclusions within a single olivine phenocrysts. We argue that the observed compositional anomalies are
mineralogically controlled, and thus may arise from the interaction between hot MORB magmas and crystal cumulates in the oceanic
crust or magma chamber. 相似文献
14.
Mitigating the Rate and Extent of Global Warming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Editorial Introduction
Mitigating the Rate and Extent of Global Warming 相似文献15.
Andrey M. Korjenkov J. Ramon Arrowsmith Christopher Crosby Ernes Mamyrov Lyubov A. Orlova Irina E. Povolotskaya Kubatbek Tabaldiev 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(4):431-442
A paleoseismological study of the medieval Kamenka fortress in the northern part of the Issyk-Kul Lake depression, northern Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, revealed an oblique slip thrust fault scarp offsetting the fortification walls. This 700 m long scarp is not related to the 1911 Kebin Earthquake (Ms 8.2) fault scarps which are widespread in the region. As analysis of stratigraphy in a paleoseismic trench and archaeological evidence reveal, it can be assigned to a major twelfth century a.d. earthquake which produced up to 4 m of oblique slip thrusting antithetic to that of the nearby dominant faults. The inferred surface rupturing earthquake apparently caused the fortress destruction and was likely the primary reason for its abandonment, not the Mongolian–Tatar invasions as previously thought. 相似文献
16.
Plio-Pleistocene geological record and small mammal faunas, eastern shore of the Azov Sea, Southern European Russia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alexey S. Tesakov Andrey E. Dodonov Vadim V. Titov Valery M. Trubikhin 《Quaternary International》2007,160(1):57
The shoreline of the Taganrog Gulf of the Azov Sea at the mouth of Don River provides a series of extended Upper Pliocene and Quaternary sections that have been actively studied in the last century. This extraglacial region had a complex sedimentary history combining subaerial aggradation with marine, fluvial, and deltaic sedimentation. The well-exposed stratigraphical sequence and abundant palaeontological record continuously attract geologists and highlight the region as one of international importance for the addressing of numerous problems of Late Pliocene and Quaternary stratigraphy and palaeogeography. Fossil mammalian faunas of the region include important Eurasian biostratigraphical markers such as Stenocranius ex gr. hintoni-gregaloides, Lagurini spp., and Mimomys savini. For many years, fossil remains of mammals provide decisive clues to the geological history of the region. Recent geological studies of reference sections have provided data on small mammals, palaeomagnetism and palaeogeographical reconstructions in the northeastern part of the Azovian Region. Mammalian assemblages indicate the presence of the Late Pliocene, late Early Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene levels and, in addition, provide a clear biostratigraphical context for the Early Middle Pleistocene transition. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Vladislav V. Zelenov Elena V. Aparina Andrey V. Ivanov 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2014,71(1):33-53
Using a coated-insert flow tube reactor coupled to a low-energy electron-impact mass spectrometer with molecular beam sampling, we studied uptake of NO3 by sea salt at room temperature and [NO3]?=?8?1011???4?1013 molecule cm?3. The radical uptake coefficient γ(t) is time dependent: its initial value (γ ini) decreases exponentially with the characteristic time (τ) to its steady-state value (γ ss) at given [NO3]. The parameters γ ini, γ ss and τ depend on [NO3], whereas γ ss is water vapor independent at [H2O]?=?8?1012???1.6?1015 molecule cm?3 and RH ≤ 0.5 %. HCl and NO2 are uptake products detected in the gas phase. We used these findings to estimate γ values under tropospheric conditions for urban coastal and remote marine environments: at high NO3 (~90 ppt), the time dependence becomes important, and the γ value averaged over the aerosol lifetime is 4?10?3; at low NO3 (~1 ppt), the radical uptake is time independent and proceeds faster with γ ini?=?8?10?3 相似文献
20.
Yaling Liu Qianlai Zhuang Zhihua Pan Diego Miralles Nadja Tchebakova David Kicklighter Jiquan Chen Andrey Sirin Yujie He Guangsheng Zhou Jerry Melillo 《Climatic change》2014,125(3-4):413-427
We introduce a probabilistic framework for vulnerability analysis and use it to quantify current and future vulnerability of the US water supply system. We also determine the contributions of hydro-climatic and socio-economic drivers to the changes in projected vulnerability. For all scenarios and global climate models examined, the US Southwest including California and the southern Great Plains was consistently found to be the most vulnerable. For most of the US, the largest contributions to changes in vulnerability come from changes in supply. However, for some areas of the West changes in vulnerability are caused mainly by changes in demand. These changes in supply and demand result mainly from changes in evapotranspiration rather than from changes in precipitation. Importantly, changes in vulnerability from projected changes in the standard deviations of precipitation and evapotranspiration are of about the same magnitude or larger than those from changes in the corresponding means over most of the US, except in large areas of the Great Plains, in central California and southern and central Texas. 相似文献