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81.
The earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: description and performance for present-day conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marisa Montoya Alexa Griesel Anders Levermann Juliette Mignot Matthias Hofmann Andrey Ganopolski Stefan Rahmstorf 《Climate Dynamics》2005,25(2-3):237-263
We herein present the CLIMBER-3α Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC), which has evolved from the CLIMBER-2 EMIC. The main difference with respect to CLIMBER-2 is its oceanic component, which has been replaced by a state-of-the-art ocean model, which includes an ocean general circulation model (GCM), a biogeochemistry module, and a state-of-the-art sea-ice model. Thus, CLIMBER-3α includes modules describing the atmosphere, land-surface scheme, terrestrial vegetation, ocean, sea ice, and ocean biogeochemistry. Owing to its relatively simple atmospheric component, it is approximately two orders of magnitude faster than coupled GCMs, allowing the performance of a much larger number of integrations and sensitivity studies as well as longer ones. At the same time its oceanic component confers on it a larger degree of realism compared to those EMICs which include simpler oceanic components. The coupling does not include heat or freshwater flux corrections. The comparison against the climatologies shows that CLIMBER-3α satisfactorily describes the large-scale characteristics of the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice on seasonal timescales. As a result of the tracer advection scheme employed, the ocean component satisfactorily simulates the large-scale oceanic circulation with very little numerical and explicit vertical diffusion. The model is thus suited for the study of the large-scale climate and large-scale ocean dynamics. We herein describe its performance for present-day boundary conditions. In a companion paper (Part II), the sensitivity of the model to variations in the external forcing, as well as the role of certain model parameterisations and internal parameters, will be analysed. 相似文献
82.
83.
Matteo Willeit Andrey Ganopolski Daniela Dalmonech Aideen M. Foley Georg Feulner 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(7-8):1699-1713
Climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration are intimately coupled in the Earth system: CO2 influences climate through the greenhouse effect, but climate also affects CO2 through its impact on the amount of carbon stored on land and in the ocean. The change in atmospheric CO2 as a response to a change in temperature ( $\varDelta CO_{2}/\varDelta T$ ) is a useful measure to quantify the feedback between the carbon cycle and climate. Using an ensemble of experiments with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity we show a pronounced time-scale dependence of $\varDelta CO_{2}/\varDelta T$ . A maximum is found on centennial scales with $\varDelta CO_{2}/\varDelta T$ values for the model ensemble in the range 5–12 ppm °C?1, while lower values are found on shorter and longer time scales. These results are consistent with estimates derived from past observations. Up to centennial scales, the land carbon response to climate dominates the CO2 signal in the atmosphere, while on longer time scales the ocean becomes important and eventually dominates on multi-millennial scales. In addition to the time-scale dependence, modeled $\varDelta CO_{2}/\varDelta T$ show a distinct dependence on the initial state of the system. In particular, on centennial time-scales, high $\varDelta CO_{2}/\varDelta T$ values are correlated with high initial land carbon content. A similar relation holds also for the CMIP5 models, although for $\varDelta CO_{2}/\varDelta T$ computed from a very different experimental setup. The emergence of common patterns like this could prove to usefully constrain the climate–carbon cycle feedback. 相似文献
84.
A very accurate imitation of Hipparcos and Tycho Hp, B
T, andV
T magnitudes was made using W, B, V, R magnitudes from the Tien Shan photometric catalogue. The calculated magnitudes were compared to the observed ones. It is
shown that there are systematic differences between calculated and observed magnitudes. The systematic errors are supposed
to be bound up with the sky scanning procedure on the Hipparcos satellite. Polynomials in powers of coordinates have been
proposed to take into account the systematic errors. 6558 stars have been found to be appropriate high-precision photometric
standards.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
85.
By reporting for the first time intergranular diamond in quartz–feldspar (Qtz–Kfs) aggregates, the processes of metamorphic diamond formation have to be reconsidered. Based on their Kfs/Qtz ratio, the texture of these aggregates are proposed to result from ‘granitic’ melt with a calculated composition that corresponds well with that of experimental data for the pelitic system. Taking into account experiments on CO2 solubility in silicate melt under ultrahigh‐pressure conditions, a granitic melt is further suggested to act as a crystallization medium as well as a transport medium for producing metamorphic diamond. 相似文献
86.
Oksana V. Lunina ;Riccardo Caputo ;Anton A. Gladkov ;Andrey S. Gladkovt 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(4):605-619
This paper presents the first release of an Informational System(IS)devoted to the systematic collection of all available data relating to Pliocene-Quaternary faults in southern East Siberia,their critical analysis and their seismotectonic parameterization.The final goal of this project is to form a new base for improving the assessment of seismic hazard and other natural processes associated with crustal deformation.The presented IS has been exploited to create a relational database of active and conditionally active faults in southern East Siberia(between 100°-114° E and 50°-57° N)whose central sector is characterized by the highly seismic Baikal rift zone.The information within the database for each fault segment is organized as distinct but intercorrelated sections(tables,texts and pictures,etc.)and can be easily visualized as HTML pages in offline browsing.The preliminary version of the database distributed free on disk already highlights the general fault pattern showing that the Holocene and historical activity is quite uniform and dominated by NE-SW and nearly E-W trending faults;the former with a prevailing dip-slip normal kinematics,while the latter structures are left-lateral strike-slip and oblique-slip(with different proportion of left-lateral and normal fault slip components).These faults are mainly concentrated along the borders of the rift basins and are the main sources of moderate-to-strong(M≥5.5)earthquakes on the southern sectors of East Siberia in recent times.As a whole,based on analyzing the diverse fault kinematics and their variable spatial distribution with respect to the overall pattern of the tectonic structures formed and/or activated during the late Pliocene-Quaternary,we conclude they were generated under a regional stress field mainly characterized by a relatively uniform NW-SE tension,but strongly influenced by the irregular hard boundary of the old Siberian craton.The obtained inferences are in an agreement with the existing models of the development of 相似文献
87.
正1 Introduction The most valuable for the task of climate reconstruction are the time series with an annual resolution,which allows to reveal natural periodicity and pass to the search for mechanisms of regional and global climatic changes.Bottom sediments of lakes are one of the best climate archives in addition to tree ring series,ice cores etc. 相似文献
88.
Andrey N. Makarenko Valery V. Obukhov Iliy V. Kirnos 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,343(1):481-488
We discuss the cosmological reconstruction in modified Gauss-Bonnet (GB) gravity. It is demonstrated that the modified GB gravity may describe the most interesting features of late-time cosmology. We derive explicit form of effective phantom cosmological models ending by the finite-time future singularity (Big Rip) and without singularities in the future (Little Rip). 相似文献
89.
Szymon Gburek Janusz Sylwester Miroslaw Kowalinski Jaroslaw Bakala Zbigniew Kordylewski Piotr Podgorski Stefan Plocieniak Marek Siarkowski Barbara Sylwester Witold Trzebinski Sergey V. Kuzin Andrey A. Pertsov Yurij D. Kotov Frantisek Farnik Fabio Reale Kenneth J. H. Phillips 《Solar physics》2013,283(2):631-649
Solar Photometer in X-rays (SphinX) was a spectrophotometer developed to observe the Sun in soft X-rays. The instrument observed in the energy range ≈?1?–?15 keV with resolution ≈?0.4 keV. SphinX was flown on the Russian CORONAS–PHOTON satellite placed inside the TESIS EUV and X telescope assembly. The spacecraft launch took place on 30 January 2009 at 13:30 UT at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The SphinX experiment mission began a couple of weeks later on 20 February 2009 when the first telemetry dumps were received. The mission ended nine months later on 29 November 2009 when data transmission was terminated. SphinX provided an excellent set of observations during very low solar activity. This was indeed the period in which solar activity dropped to the lowest level observed in X-rays ever. The SphinX instrument design, construction, and operation principle are described. Information on SphinX data repositories, dissemination methods, format, and calibration is given together with general recommendations for data users. Scientific research areas in which SphinX data find application are reviewed. 相似文献
90.
Andrey V. Leonov 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):235-255
The article describes the evolution of the cartography and toponymy of the second largest geyser field in the world – the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia), discovered in 1941. The toponymy evolved in close connection with the development of the cartographic base that passed through the three stages from the first manual drawings to large-scale maps and to 3D models of the territory. The number of geysers with personal names increased gradually from twelve to more than one hundred. The article presents examples of diagrams and maps as well as tables of thermal features with coordinates. All main sources of literature were analysed for the period of 1941–2017, and the article presents a comprehensive historiography on the investigated topic. The evolution of instruments for the measurement of geyser activity is also briefly overviewed with examples of data obtained using the different methods. 相似文献