全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27678篇 |
免费 | 487篇 |
国内免费 | 296篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 705篇 |
大气科学 | 2212篇 |
地球物理 | 5998篇 |
地质学 | 9581篇 |
海洋学 | 2223篇 |
天文学 | 5722篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
自然地理 | 1976篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 186篇 |
2019年 | 176篇 |
2018年 | 352篇 |
2017年 | 339篇 |
2016年 | 514篇 |
2015年 | 387篇 |
2014年 | 510篇 |
2013年 | 1345篇 |
2012年 | 601篇 |
2011年 | 925篇 |
2010年 | 743篇 |
2009年 | 1038篇 |
2008年 | 967篇 |
2007年 | 934篇 |
2006年 | 949篇 |
2005年 | 808篇 |
2004年 | 830篇 |
2003年 | 795篇 |
2002年 | 785篇 |
2001年 | 633篇 |
2000年 | 653篇 |
1999年 | 613篇 |
1998年 | 584篇 |
1997年 | 589篇 |
1996年 | 489篇 |
1995年 | 488篇 |
1994年 | 457篇 |
1993年 | 430篇 |
1992年 | 392篇 |
1991年 | 341篇 |
1990年 | 397篇 |
1989年 | 323篇 |
1988年 | 350篇 |
1987年 | 397篇 |
1986年 | 338篇 |
1985年 | 504篇 |
1984年 | 538篇 |
1983年 | 544篇 |
1982年 | 434篇 |
1981年 | 434篇 |
1980年 | 444篇 |
1979年 | 394篇 |
1978年 | 408篇 |
1977年 | 355篇 |
1976年 | 383篇 |
1975年 | 352篇 |
1974年 | 387篇 |
1973年 | 372篇 |
1972年 | 241篇 |
1971年 | 194篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
151.
152.
Ground-based thermal emission measurements of the zenith sky have been made at Peterborough, Ontario since January 1993. In this paper, the measurement of the 6 band of atmospheric CFC-12, an important greenhouse gas, is presented for a cold, clear day in January 1994. A spectrum of the non-CFC-12 emission features has been simulated using the FASCD3P radiation code and measured radiosonde profiles of temperature, pressure and humidity. This has enabled a satisfactory subtraction of the interfering emission features from the CFC-12 emission spectrum. A comparison of the observed and simulated 6-bands of CFC-12 shows good agreement at all frequencies of emission. From these spectra the total downward greenhouse radiative flux from the CFC-12 6 emission based for a very cold day has been estimated to be 0.27 W m−2±10%. 相似文献
153.
The distribution of detrital mineral cooling ages in river sediment provides a proxy record for the erosional history of mountain ranges. We have developed a numerical model that predicts detrital mineral age distributions for individual catchments in which particle paths move vertically toward the surface. Despite a restrictive set of assumptions, the model permits theoretical exploration of the effects of thermal structure, erosion rate, and topography on cooling ages. Hypsometry of the source‐area catchment is shown to exert a fundamental control on the frequency distribution of bedrock and detrital ages. We illustrate this approach by generating synthetic 40Ar/39Ar muscovite age distributions for two catchments with contrasting erosion rates in central Nepal and then by comparing actual measured cooling‐age distributions with the synthetic ones. Monte Carlo sampling is used to assess the mismatch between observed and synthetic age distributions and to explore the dependence of that mismatch on the complexity of the synthetic age signal and on the number of grains analysed. Observed detrital cooling ages are well matched by predicted ages for a more slowly eroding Himalayan catchment. A poorer match for a rapidly eroding catchment may result from some combination of large analytical uncertainties in the detrital ages and inhomogeneous erosion rates within the basin. Such mismatches emphasize the need for more accurate thermal and kinematic models and for sampling strategies that are adapted to catchment‐specific geologic and geomorphic conditions. 相似文献
154.
155.
Implications of diverse sedimentation patterns in Hala Lake, Qinghai Province, China for reconstructing Late Quaternary climate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bernd Wünnemann Johannes Wagner Yongzhan Zhang Dada Yan Rong Wang Yan Shen Xiaoyu Fang Jiawu Zhang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(4):725-749
Hala Lake is located in the Qilian Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, at 4,078?m a.s.l. Its sediments contain an archive of climate and hydrologic changes during the Late Quaternary, as it is located close to the area influenced by the East-Asian summer monsoon and westerly-driven air masses. Sedimentation patterns and depositional conditions within the lake were investigated using eight sediment cores from different water depths, and this information was used to evaluate the feasibility of using a single core to reconstruct past climate and hydrological conditions. Long core H7, from the center of the lake (65?m water depth) and core H8 from a western, near-shore location (20?m water depth), were compared in detail using sediment composition and geochemical data (X-ray fluorescence, loss-on-ignition and CNS analysis). Age models were constructed using 17 AMS radiocarbon dates and indicate negligible reservoir error for sediments from the lake center and?~1,000?year errors for the near-shore sediment core. Cores H1?CH5 and HHLS21-1 revealed a sediment succession from sand and silty clay to laminated clay on the southern side of the lake. Undisturbed, finely laminated sediments were found at water depths???15?m. Core H5 (2.5?m long), from 31?m water depth, yielded abundant green algal mats mixed with clayey lake deposits and was difficult to interpret. Algae occurred between 25 and 32?m water depth and influenced the dissolved oxygen content of the stratified lake. Comparison of cores H7 and H8 yielded prominent mismatches for different time periods, which may, in part, be attributed to internal lacustrine processes, independent of climate influence. We thus conclude that data from a single sediment core may lead to different climate inferences. Common shifts among proxy data, however, showed that major climate shifts, of regional to global significance, can be tracked and allow reconstruction of lake level changes over the last 24,000?years. Results indicate advance of glaciers into the lake basin during the LGM, at which time the lake experienced lowest levels, 25?C50?m below present stage. Stepwise refilling began at ca. 16 kyr BP and reached the ?25?m level during the B?lling/Aller?d warm phase, ca. 13.5 kyr BP. A desiccation episode falls within the Younger Dryas, followed by a substantial lake level rise during the first millennium of the Holocene, a result of climate warming, which promoted glacier melt. By ca. 7.6 kyr BP, the lake reached a stable high stand similar to the present level, which persisted until ca. 6 kyr BP. Disturbed sediments in core H7 indicate a single mass flow that was most likely triggered by a major seismic event?~8.5 kyr BP. Subsequent lake development remains unclear as a consequence of data mismatches, but may indicate a general trend to deteriorating conditions and lake level lowstands at ca. 5.0?C4.2, 2.0 and 0.5 kyr BP. 相似文献
156.
Christian Betzler Jörn Fürstenau Thomas Lüdmann Christian Hübscher Sebastian Lindhorst Andreas Paul John J. G. Reijmer André W. Droxler 《Basin Research》2013,25(2):172-196
Multichannel high‐resolution seismic and multibeam data were acquired from the Maldives‐isolated carbonate platform in the Indian Ocean for a detailed characterization of the Neogene bank architecture of this edifice. The goal of the research is to decipher the controlling factors of platform evolution, with a special emphasis on sea‐level changes and changes of the oceanic currents. The stacking pattern of Lower to Middle Miocene depositional sequences, with an evolution of a ramp geometry to a flat‐topped platform, reflects variations of accommodation, which here are proposed to be primarily governed by fluctuations of relative sea level. Easterly currents during this stage of bank growth controlled an asymmetric east‐directed progradation of the bank edge. During the late middle Miocene, this system was replaced by a twofold configuration of bank development. Bank growth continued synchronously with partial bank demise and associated sediment‐drift deposition. This turnover is attributed to the onset and/or intensification of the Indian monsoon and related upwelling and occurrence of currents, locally changing environmental conditions and impinging upon the carbonate system. Mega spill over lobes, shaped by reversing currents, formed as large‐scale prograding complexes, which have previously been interpreted as deposits formed during a forced regression. On a regional scale, a complex carbonate‐platform growth can occur, with a coexistence of bank‐margin progradation and aggradation, as well as partial drowning. It is further shown that a downward shift of clinoforms and offlapping geometries in carbonate platforms are not necessarily indicative for a sea‐level driven forced regression. Findings are expected to be applicable to other examples of Cenozoic platforms in the Indo‐Pacific region. 相似文献
157.
A possible suture between an old craton in West Africa and the Arabian—Nubian shield is marked by a persistent zone of Phanerozoic weakness. This zone extends between the Nile and Niger deltas and passes through the Qattara embayment, along the Bahariya fault, through the Kufra basin, between the Tibesti and Jabal al Uwaynat massifs, through the Bahr el Ghazal and Lake Chad areas, and along the Benoue trough. 相似文献
158.
159.
An integrated wavelet concept of physical geodesy 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
For the determination of the earth's gravity field many types of observations are nowadays available, including terrestrial
gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradio-metry, etc. The mathematical connection
between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other is called the integrated concept
of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can
be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical
geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an
integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e. linear functionals representing
the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential
outside and on the earth's surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of
band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding
to realistic earth's models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique
derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking
and gradiometry.
Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997 相似文献
160.
A. H. W. Kearsley R. Forsberg A. Olesen L. Bastos K. Hehl U. Meyer A. Gidskehaug 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(10):600-605
Two detailed geoids have been computed in the region of North Jutland. The first computation used marine data in the offshore
areas. For the second computation the marine data set was replaced by the sparser airborne gravity data resulting from the
AGMASCO campaign of September 1996. The results of comparisons of the geoid heights at on-shore geometric control showed that
the geoid heights computed from the airborne gravity data matched in precision those computed using the marine data, supporting
the view that airborne techniques have enormous potential for mapping those unsurveyed areas between the land-based data and
the off-shore marine or altimetrically derived data.
Received: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998 相似文献