虚拟仪器在天气雷达发射机脉冲测试中的应用

随着我国新一代天气雷达（CINRAD）的广泛布网,雷达的维修维护工作显得日益繁重。利用虚拟仪器测试系统对雷达重要参数指标测试是一种便捷有效的方式。本文从发射机射频脉冲包络以及其测量方法的介绍出发,搭建一套基于PXI(PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation)模块化仪器的虚拟仪器系统,采用LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench)软件编程实现参数测试测量功能,通过实验完成了对脉冲包络的重要参数测试。虚拟仪器测试系统与传统仪器对比测量结果,验证了该测试系统的可靠性。     

A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium

To investigate climate variability in Asia during the last millennium, the spatial and temporal evolution of summer (June–July–August; JJA) temperature in eastern and south-central Asia is reconstructed using multi-proxy records and the regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) algorithm with truncated total least squares (TTLS), under a point-by-point regression (PPR) framework. The temperature index reconstructions show that the late 20th century was the warmest period in Asia over the past millennium. The temperature field reconstructions illustrate that temperatures in central, eastern, and southern China during the 11th and 13th centuries, and in western Asia during the 12th century, were significantly higher than those in other regions, and comparable to levels in the 20th century. Except for the most recent warming, all identified warm events showed distinct regional expressions and none were uniform over the entire reconstruction area. The main finding of the study is that spatial temperature patterns have, on centennial time-scales, varied greatly over the last millennium. Moreover, seven climate model simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), over the same region of Asia, are all consistent with the temperature index reconstruction at the 99 % confidence level. Only spatial temperature patterns extracted as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) from the GISS-E2-R and MPI-ESM-P model simulations are significant and consistent with the temperature field reconstruction over the past millennium in Asia at the 90 % confidence level. This indicates that both the reconstruction and the simulations depict the temporal climate variability well over the past millennium. However, the spatial simulation or reconstruction capability of climate variability over the past millennium could be still limited. For reconstruction, some grid points do not pass validation tests and reveal the need for more proxies with high temporal resolution, accurate dating, and sensitive temperature signals, especially in central Asia and before AD 1400.     

中国大陆岩石圈导电性结构研究——大陆电磁参数“标准网”实验（SinoProbe-01）

"中国大陆地壳探测计划"的首要目标是岩石圈物性结构、构造和物质组成的探测,这包括大陆岩石圈的地震波速度、密度、磁性、导电性和放射性结构研究。其中,大陆岩石圈导电性结构的研究越来越引起人们的重视。利用岩石圈导电性结构模型不仅可以推断地球内部的岩、矿石组成和地质构造轮廓,还可以间接提供有关地球内部热结构的信息,为研究地球内部物质状态、地壳运动过程及其动力学机制等科学命题服务。因此,很多发达国家自上世纪70年代以来,陆续启动了岩石圈导电性结构探测。2004年,美国开始了"地球透镜计划(EarthScope)";其中,"大地电磁阵列"(USArray)是整个计划中的重要部分,是一个大陆尺度的大地电磁场观测计划,它将为北美大陆的构造与演化提供新的约束。在中国,大陆岩石圈导电性结构研究虽取得一系列重要成果,但也仅限于对其基本格局有一定认识,远远满足不了大陆动力学问题研究的需要。为了研究中国大陆形成、演化机理,首先需要确定中国大陆岩石圈三维构造模型、热结构和流变性特征,而这一切都与更详细、更准确的中国大陆岩石圈导电性结构有着密切关系。为了实现构建中国大陆岩石圈电磁学参数三维数据体及导电性结构标准模型的目标,"深部探测技术与实验研究专项"设立"大陆电磁参数标准网实验研究(SinoProbe-01)"项目,解决大陆尺度、阵列式(Array)大地电磁场(MT)标准网观测计划的关键技术问题,研究具体的实施方法技术,并提供示范性成果。项目将尽可能预先建立覆盖全国、网度为4°×4°的阵列式区域大地电磁参数标准网控制格架,并以华北和青藏为基地创立阵列式区域大地电磁场"标准点"1°×1°观测网的构建方法、技术;构建华北和青藏地区壳、幔电磁参数三维结构标准模型"格架",以及不同网度的壳、幔物性三维结构模型,为覆盖全国的阵列式区域大地电磁"标准点"观测网最佳网度选择提供依据,为最终建立中国大陆岩石圈三维导电性结构标准模型奠定基础,为预测我国超大型金属成矿远景区提供方向。完成本项目研究将对揭示中国大地构造特点和岩石圈结构提供重要依据,对油气及固体矿产资源远景评估提供制约,并对完善后板块大地构造理论有重要意义。开展这方面的研究将揭开中国大地构造地球物理学新阶段的序幕,为中国可持续发展与地球科学的进步作出贡献。     

青藏及华北阵列式区域大地电磁场标准观测网建设方法与实验

大地电磁参数标准网的建设需要大量第一手的观测资料,观测资料的质量直接决定了标准网的可靠性。本文分析了大地电磁测深仪器设备、资料采集与处理技术,确定了青藏及华北阵列式区域大地电磁场标准观测网的建设方法;在此基础上,在山东菏泽地区对11535和11635号标准点进行了野外观测试验,对采集的宽频及长周期数据进行了深入处理,形成的对辅助测站和中心测站布置、数据采集时间、资料处理手段和远参考测站布设等要求,将指导青藏及华北阵列式区域大地电磁场标准网的建设,并对中国大陆其他区域大地电磁场标准网建设具有一定参考意义。     

On China’s growing geo-economic influence and the evolution of variegated capitalism

China’s growing geo-economic clout globally has attracted significant research attention over the past few years. Rather than strictly adopt a national-specific and path-dependent perspective, this paper offers a nuanced perspective on the rationale of Chinese economic expansions overseas. I propose we view China’s growing geo-economic influence as a relational development, inextricably connected to broader changes in global capitalism, especially the failure of the US government to maintain confidence in the dollar. The paper probes critically the underlying logics of two recent developments: (1) the role of the China Investment Corporation (a new sovereign wealth fund) and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in accessing new markets worldwide; and (2) the policies to extend the global reach of the Chinese yuan. I argue that these phenomena are concatenated to China’s broader aim to secure domestic economic security, given its vast holdings of dollar reserves and its macroeconomic constraints through the maintenance of a fixed foreign exchange regime. These developments in turn contour and sustain the evolution of the variegated global system of capitalism.     

武夷山石源龙铀矿区地质环境治理效果初析

矿山地质环境治理,对消除地质灾害隐患、恢复生态环境、保护水源地、保证矿山安全生产及当地人民的生命安全,稳定经济发展具有重要意义,针对武夷山石源龙铀矿区地质勘探设施放射性污染危害及造成的安全隐患,采取"封、挡、疏、填、清、盖、植"等方法进行综合治理,探讨铀矿区地质环境治理技术及其应用效果。     

岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱最近200年历史对比研究

黑碳是不完全燃烧产生的一种难熔的含碳物质的连续统一体,由焦碳(char)和烟炱(soot)组成.岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱浓度对比显示,两个湖泊焦碳浓度和通量变化受局地火事件影响,无明显的规律; 而烟炱具有相似的变化历史,主要反映在1970年代后期急剧升高,与中国工业化历史一致.烟炱粒径细小,具区域传输特点,可以通过沉积物指示大气烟炱.结合当前大气气溶胶烟炱浓度,恢复了岱海与太湖地区最近200年来的大气烟炱浓度.其变化趋势与200年来北半球温度对比显示,大气烟炱中的高浓度对应于高温,低浓度对应低温.这种历史关系进一步证实大气烟炱在全球增温中具有极其重要的作用.