浅析GPS测量技术在房产基础测绘中的应用

GPS（Global Positioning System）全球定位系统具有性能好、精度高、应用广的特点。在测绘领域,GPS系统已广泛用于大地测量、工程测量、航空摄影测量及地形测量等各个领域。通过GPS静态测量和GPSRTK测量技术在性能特点、作业方法、技术条件及应用效果的分析,指出GPS技术在房产基础测量中具有传统测量技术无可比拟的优势。     

基于弹簧—阻尼理论的海上变电站动力特性研究

近年来,随着海上风电的迅速发展,海上变电站的建设也逐渐兴起。然而,错综复杂、瞬息万变的海洋环境对变电站的安全性和稳定性提出了严峻的挑战,因此有必要加强对变电站分析和研究的重视。为了提高变电站数值模型分析的效率,研究以海上风电场变电站为中心,采用ABAQUS建立了实体土有限元模型和基于弹簧—阻尼理论的有限元模型,以模拟桩土相互作用。随后进行了模态分析、风浪流响应分析和地震响应分析研究。研究结果表明：使用两种模型进行模态分析得出的振型非常相似,频率误差小于5%。此外,在承受风和波流荷载时,两种模型得出的变电站结构响应具有显著的一致性。在地震荷载作用下,两个模型中样本点位移时程曲线的相位频率与测量数据非常接近。值得注意的是,基于弹簧—阻尼理论的模型计算出的振幅与地震波测量数据更为接近。此外,弹簧—阻尼理论方法还大大提高了计算效率。     

恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内的代谢和残留消除规律

在26±2℃水温下,每天投喂含有恩诺沙星药物的饲料,研究恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vanname肌肉、肠和肝胰脏组织中的代谢和残留消除规律。残留药物用乙腈提取,液相色谱串联质谱仪检测。结果表明:恩诺沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内可代谢为环丙沙星,对虾体内同时有恩诺沙星和环丙沙星两种药物残留;环丙沙星在肌肉、肝胰脏和肠组织中的消除时间分别为6、8、10 d,而恩诺沙星在这三组织中的消除时间则为12、14、16 d。建议把肠作为该药残留监控的靶组织,凡纳滨对虾的休药期不少于16 d。     

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????????????????GNSS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS????GLONASS?????????????????????????Galileo???????????η?????????澫??????????????????????????????????????????????     

Migration rate of river bends estimated by tree ring analysis for a meandering river in the source region of the Yellow River

Meandering rivers have dynamic evolution characteristics of lateral migration and longitudinal creeping movement, and studies on the migration rate of meandering rivers have both scientific and practical significance for understanding the evolution process. A river source region often is sparsely populated and lacks long-term monitoring data, making it difficult to estimate the migration rate of river bends. In the source region of the Yellow River, located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, meandering rivers have extensively developed. Combined with field investigation and sampling in the source region in 2016 and 2017, 9 river bends in the middle Baihe River were selected to attempt estimation of migration rates of the river bends using tree ring analysis. The tree core and disc samples were collected using an increment borer and a crosscut saw, and the ages of the trees were estimated based on tree ring analysis. A method for estimating the migration rate of river bends based on the relation between positions and ages of trees grown on the point bars in inner banks is proposed. The estimated migration rates of the 9 river bends of the Baihe River ranged 0.38–6.10 m/yr, and the migration rates were found to be related to the flow rate, channel slope, height of the outer bank, and width of the river valley. The maximum migration rate was determined to be at the No. 9 River Bend where the ratio of the meander-bend radius to the channel width (R/W) was 2.31, which is consistent with previous findings that the bend migration is most rapid in the ‘migration phase’. The proposed method for estimating the migration rate of river bends provides a potential alternative option for future study on the morphodynamic process of a meandering river.     

Modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet induced by retrogressive fluids

Garnet, as a major constitutive mineral of eclogite, is important for Sm–Nd dating of eclogite due to its high Sm/Nd ratio and its stability during retrogression. However, a comprehensive study of the petrography, mineral chemistry, garnet water content, and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of eclogites from the Bixiling massif, Central Dabie Zone (CDZ), reveals significant modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet as a result of retrogression. This problem constitutes a challenge for Sm–Nd dating of the Bixiling eclogites, with the Sm–Nd isochron ages of 218 ± 4 to 210 ± 9 Ma reported in the literature being younger than 226 ± 3 Ma, which is the generally accepted peak metamorphic age of the CDZ. Petrographic analysis reveals heterogeneity in colour within single fractured garnet grains. There are light‐pink garnet (Grt‐P) and red garnet (Grt‐R) types that possess distinct chemical compositions. Compared to Grt‐P, Grt‐R has higher Fe and andradrite contents but lower Al and grossular contents. Grt‐P also has lower water contents (15–35 ppm) than Grt‐R (34–65 ppm), which, together with the spatial association between Grt‐R and fractures, suggests that the colour change is related to fluid alteration. Grt‐P is an ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) mineral, and Grt‐R is the product of the interaction between Grt‐P and a fluid during retrogression. Moreover, Grt‐R features lower Sm and Nd contents but higher Sm/Nd ratios than Grt‐P. The Sm–Nd isochrons defined by UHP minerals (Grt‐P+Omp+Rt or Grt‐P+Cpx+WR) from three eclogite samples yield consistent ages of 226.0 ± 3.8 Ma, 225.0 ± 3.9 Ma and 226.2 ± 6.9 Ma, which are identical to the peak metamorphic age of 226 ± 3 Ma for the CDZ. The retrogressed garnet (i.e., Grt‐R), omphacite and rutile, together define a pseudoisochron with younger ages of 218.9 ± 5.9 to 202.8 ± 4.8 Ma, which are geologically meaningless. The increase in the Sm/Nd ratio with constant or lower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios during the transformation of Grt‐P to Grt‐R was probably the cause of these younger ages.     

Spatial and temporal variability of 0‐ to 5‐m soil–water storage at the watershed scale

Dynamic relationships among rainfall patterns, soil water distribution, and plant growth are crucial for sustainable conservation of soil and water resources in water‐limited ecosystems. Spatial and temporal variation in deep soil water content at a watershed scale have not yet been characterized adequately due to the lack of deep soil water data. Deep soil–water storage (SWS) up to a depth of 5 m (n = 73) was measured at 19 sampling occasions at the LaoYeManQu watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). At a depth of 0–1.5 m, the annual mean SWS was highly correlated with rain intensity, and the correlation decreased with depth, but within the layers at 1.5–5.0 m, the changes in SWS indicated a lag between precipitation and the replenishment of soil water. Geostatistical parameters of SWS were also highly dependent on depth, and the mean SWS presented similar spatial structures in two adjacent layers. Temporal stability of SWS as indicated by mean relative difference, standard deviation of the relative difference (SDRD), and mean absolute bias error (MABE) was significantly weaker at the shallow than at deeper layers. Soil separates and organic carbon content controlled the spatial pattern of SWS at the watershed scale. One representative location (Site 57) was identified to estimate the mean SWS in the 1‐ to 5‐m layer of the watershed. Semivariograms of the SDRD and MABE were best fitted by an isotropic spherical model, and their spatial distributions were depth‐dependent. Both temporal stability and spatial variability of SWS increased over depth. This study is helpful for deep SWS estimation and sustainable management of soil and water on the CLP, and for other similar regions around the world.     

新疆哈图金矿深部发现草莓状黄铁矿

<正>新疆西准噶尔地区广泛出露的地层主要为上古生界石炭系火山-沉积岩建造,这套地层从老到新依次为希贝库拉斯组、包古图组、太勒古拉组,其中太勒古拉组上部酸性凝灰岩中锆石的SHRIMP年龄为328 Ma,包古图组     

Interaction between equatorially symmetric and asymmetric tropical eastern Pacific SSTs

The third version of the extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) data spanning from 1880 to 2007 was used to investigate the interaction between equatorially symmetric and asymmetric tropical eastern Pacific SSTs. Principal component analysis and wavelet spectrum analysis showed that the asymmetric SST was dominated by an amplitude-modulated annual cycle, while the symmetric SST was a mixture of amplitude-modulated annual cycle and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The symmetric and asymmetric components were significantly correlated, particularly in March and October. In March, when ENSO is usually weak, the interaction between two components is mainly due to the interaction between the amplitude-modulated annual cycles of each component. On the other hand, in October, when ENSO is dominant, the interaction between amplitude-modulated asymmetric annual cycle and ENSO becomes dominant. The interaction in March is partly explained by anomalous southeasterly winds associated with the symmetric SST pattern reducing wind speed over the southeastern Pacific, causing an intensification of the asymmetric SST component. In October, the equatorial asymmetrical development of ENSO causes a significant correlation between the symmetric and asymmetric components.     

冷涡内部中尺度变形场的多普勒雷达观测和分析

2005年4月20日,哈尔滨新一代天气雷达观测到东北冷涡内部具有中尺度的变形场结构,即在雷达速度图上,存在两负两正且互为准对称的现象.在变形场中通常会引起锋生效应,而雷达观测具有高时空分辨率,可以及时发现这种中尺度的变形场.本文应用实时雷达资料,配合卫星云图及常规资料场,对该次过程进行分析.说明变形场在冷涡发展的过程中起到了重要作用.