山西中条山地区篦子沟、南河沟铜矿云母40Ar-39Ar同位素年龄及其对成矿构造背景的约束

篦子沟、南河沟铜矿床位于华北克拉通中部造山带南缘,是山西中条山地区胡篦型铜矿的典型代表,因严格受地层控制,呈层状、似层状产出,也被认为是沉积岩型层状铜矿床。这些矿床的成矿年龄仍未被精确测定,成矿时代长期存在争议。在矿床学研究的基础上,对篦子沟、南河沟铜矿内与矿化有关的蚀变黑云母开展了高精度的40Ar-39Ar测年。获得篦子沟铜矿床黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为1825 ± 13 Ma(MSWD=8.86),对应的等时线年龄为1820 ± 13Ma(MSWD=5.67),反等时线年龄为1820 ± 13 Ma(MSWD=5.63);南河沟黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为1861 ± 14 Ma(MSWD=8.17),对应的等时线年龄为1864 ± 16 Ma(MSWD=8.31),反等时线年龄为1865 ± 16 Ma(MSWD =8.47)。2个矿床的成矿年龄在误差范围内一致,表明胡篦型铜矿热液期矿化年龄限定在1850 Ma左右。此年龄与中部造山带约1.85 Ga峰期变质和退变质作用时间一致,综合已有研究成果推测,该期成矿事件与碰撞造山事件耦合。区域上,在侵入中条群的基性岩内发育含矿石英脉,对脉内与硫化物伴生的白云母进行40Ar-39Ar定年,获得其坪年龄1851 ± 13 Ma(MSWD=7.47),对应的等时线年龄为1844 ± 19 Ma(MSWD=7.30),反等时线年龄为1844 ± 19 Ma(MSWD=7.28),说明基性岩内的含矿石英脉与矿区内的热液期矿化为同一地质事件的产物,印证了碰撞造山过程中产生的变质流体广泛作用于区域各地质体,且影响范围广泛。     

提高复杂地层取心质量的一种发夹式岩心提断器及其应用

为了解决普通取心钻具在软弱、松散性复杂地层钻进中的取心问题,降低堵心、磨心概率,提高钻进回次进尺长度和岩心采取率,研制了安装在普通S95绳索取心钻具上的一种新式岩心提断器。该岩心提断器是利用女性头饰发夹卡取软弱、松散岩心,其构件由发夹、发夹座、发夹室组成,无须通过铆焊工艺固定,可在施工现场由手工借助一种发夹装配器进行组装。在某勘查区3个钻孔中进行了试验,试验孔段总进尺45.11 m,平均回次进尺1.16 m,平均岩心采取率91.42%。试验结果表明：该岩心提断器与底喷式钻头及“引心管”配合使用,能够在软弱、松散性破碎地层大幅度提高回次进尺量、岩心采取率及取心质量,解决了试验前应用普通绳索取心钻具,在钻遇松软夹石、水敏性强的复杂地层中岩心采取率不足30%的难题。用发夹卡取软弱、松散岩心的方法与类同现有技术中簧片的卡心方法比较,更具经济性、灵活性和普适性。其应用领域不限于矿山地质,还可拓展到水文地质、工程地质及环境地质的岩心钻探,具有广泛的应用前景。     

渗流场与应力场耦合分析在地质科学中的应用

本文论述了修流场与应力场耦合分析的基本原理及其在石油勘探、成矿预测及斜坡稳定性评价中应平的理论基础和技术路线．     

On the impossibility of the co-existence of monsoons and severe storm surges in the Bay of Bengal

The problem of storm surges is introduced briefly. The utility of passive microwave observations to study this phenomenon is pointed out. The reasons for the nonoccurrence of severe surges in the Bay of Bengal, during monsoon regimes, is discussed in this paper. It was demonstrated that the predominant reason for lack of severe surges over the Bay of Bengal coast is due to the absence of weak wind shear during monsoon seasons.Atmospheric Environment Service, Ice Center, Environment Canada, 373 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OH3.     

Performance of image classification on hyperspectral imagery for lithological mapping

SVM and SAM classifiers for the lithological mapping using Hyperion data in parts of Gadag schist belt of western Dharwar craton, Karnataka, India were used. The main objective of the present study is to assess and compare the potential use of Hyperion data set for lithological mapping. Accuracy assessment of the derived thematic maps was based on the analysis of the confusion matrix statistics computed for each classification map. For consistency, the same set of validation points were used in evaluating the accuracy of the lithological thematic maps produced. On the basis of the accuracy assessment results, it appears that SVM generally outperformed the SAM classifier in both OA accuracy and individual classes’ accuracies. OA accuracy and Kc for SVM is 96.93% and 0.9655, whereas for SAM it is 74.02% and 0.7085 respectively. SVM classification is the best in describing the spatial distribution and the cover density of each lithology, as was also indicated from the statistics of the individual class results. The individual class accuracy were also analyzed for the SVM and the result show that PA ranges from 87% to 100% and UA ranges from 91% to 100%, whereas for SAM ranges from 15% to 95%, and from 31% to 100% respectively. The SVM method could effectively classify and improve on the existing geological map for the Gadag schist belt (GSB) using hyperspectral data. The results could be validated through field visits. Therefore, it is concluded that hyperspectral remote sensing data can be efficiently used to improve existing maps, especially in areas where same rock types show variable degree of alteration over smaller spatial scales.     

Design Method,Application and Time Alternative Mechanism of Flexible Use of Airspace

The flexible use of airspace and its practice are the key components of next generation air transportation system and the important technical support of reconstructing the national airspace in Europe, Japan and other countries. On the basis of overview and comprehensive cognition of the generation, implementation and aims of flexible use of airspace, the design methods of sector’s boundary changes were evaluated. Then, from the perspective of “sector-closed”, the effect on sector boundary changes was evaluated, and the time alternative mechanism in flexible use of airspace was revealed. The research shows that “Algorithm+Manual Dynamic Boundary Change” can be a method for better distribution and balancing the unbalanced traffic demand across regions, which will also promote the airspace development and capacity release. The flexible use of airspace based on ICTs realizes the replacement of the factor of space by the factor of time, which enhances the flexibility of airspace configuration and the changing of air routes to the maximun extent. The methods and applications of flexible use of airspace will be not only beneficial to establishing the whole national airspace system and utilization, but also to promoting geography research on airspace resources development and the studies on connection between air and land.     

IMPACT OF AIR-SEA INTERACTION ON THE GENESIS OF TROPICAL INCIPIENT VORTEX OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA: A CASE STUDY

Based on 6-hourly sensible heat flux and latent heat flux from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and circulation data from the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25), the initial developing process of tropical cyclone Mindulle (1005) in 2010 has been diagnosed to reveal the impact of air-sea interaction over the South China Sea (SCS) on the genesis of its incipient vortex. The results show that the incipient vortex first occurred east of the Luzon Island on 0000 UTC 20 August, suggesting that the topographic forcing of the Luzon Island for easterly winds over the western Pacific might be one of the factors responsible for the formation of the incipient vortex. During the formation stage of the incipient vortex, strong southeasterlies over the SCS caused warm water of the middle and eastern SCS to flow toward the Luzon Island due to Ekman transport resulting from wind stress, leading to an increase of the sea surface temperature and sensible heat flux into the atmosphere. Although the anomalous sensible heating favored surface pressure to reduce, it was not conducive to the increase of local vorticity associated with the vortex above the heating area because, according to the atmospheric thermal adaptation theory, the anticyclonic vorticity would be created in the lower troposphere due to the decreased vertical gradient of the sensible heating. However, the ascending motions occurred over the eastern area of the anomalous sensible heating due to the augmentation of the vorticity advection with increasing height, causing water vapor to condense in the middle and upper troposphere. In turn, cyclonic vorticity was generated in the lower troposphere due to the increased vertical gradient of the condensation latent heating, resulting in the formation and further growth of the incipient vortex. Therefore, the vorticity creation due to the condensation heating played a dominant role during the subsequent enhancing stage of the incipient vortex.     

Numerical simulation of ship stability for dynamic environment

The prediction of ship stability during the early stages of design is very important from the point of vessel’s safety. Out of the six motions of a ship, the critical motion leading to capsize of a vessel is the rolling motion. In the present study, particular attention is paid to the performance of a ship in beam sea. The linear ship response in waves is evaluated using strip theory. Critical condition in the rolling motion of a ship is when it is subjected to synchronous beam waves. In this paper, a nonlinear approach has been tried to predict the roll response of a vessel. Various representations of damping and restoring terms found in the literature are investigated. A parametric investigation is undertaken to identify the effect of a number of key parameters like wave amplitude, wave frequency, metacentric height, etc.