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永城市浅层地下水污染分布特征及来源识别

为有效管理和保护永城市浅层地下水资源,维系水资源可续利用,必须查明其污染物的分布特征和来源。在对永城市浅层地下水采样分析的基础上,结合分析城市发展带来产业布局改变及土地利用类型分布对其造成的影响,研究其主要污染组分的来源及分布特征。结果表明：城市第二产业(工矿业)发展,GDP的增长与浅层地下水中ρ(SO^2-₄)、ρ(NO^-₃)上升存在相关性,城市工业及人口密集区与污染严重区位置趋于一致。浅层地下水污染的最主要来源是SO^2-₄含量的上升,除了直接导致水质变差外,还会间接改变水文地球化学作用的强度,造成原本难溶的碳酸盐和硅酸盐的溶解量增大,使得ρ(TDS)进一步上升而改变水质。其次,NO^-₃、COD也是浅层地下水主要的污染来源,其部分来源工业废水,部分来源于农业上农药和化肥的过量使用。     

乡村振兴背景下人口迁移对乡村转型发展影响的研究进展与展望

随着新时代乡村振兴战略的实施,中国已经进入乡村转型发展的快速转型阶段,人口迁移出现了新的分化与趋势。科学认知国内外人口迁移对乡村转型发展影响的研究进展对实施乡村振兴战略、调整城乡人口发展格局具有重要意义。系统梳理国内外城乡人口迁移研究的主要内容与研究视角基础上,从农村劳动力迁出与回流、逆城市化视角阐述了人口迁移对乡村转型发展影响的研究进展,最后基于新时代乡村振兴战略需求,提出了人口迁移与乡村转型发展关系的研究展望。     

Band Selection for Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Mutual Information

Spectral band selection is a fundamental problem in hyperspectral data processing. In this letter, a new band-selection method based on mutual information (MI) is proposed. MI measures the statistical dependence between two random variables and can therefore be used to evaluate the relative utility of each band to classification. A new strategy is described to estimate the MI using a priori knowledge of the scene, reducing reliance on a "ground truth" reference map, by retaining bands with high associated MI values (subject to the so-called "complementary" conditions). Simulations of classification performance on 16 classes of vegetation from the AVIRIS 92AV3C data set show the effectiveness of the method, which outperforms an MI-based method using the associated reference map, an entropy-based method, and a correlation-based method. It is also competitive with the steepest ascent algorithm at much lower computational cost     

天文光干涉与综合孔径技术的发展

本文简单介绍了光干涉与综合孔径技术发展的历史、国际上用于天文观测的一些著名光干涉仪的技术特点和进展、以及近年来我国开展的与光干涉 ,综合孔径技术有关的工作 ,最后简要介绍了在光学综合孔径技术领域所发展的光纤与集成光学等新技术     

倾斜平面二维渗流与隧道涌水量计算基本理论

倾斜平面内的渗流问题在倾斜岩层与裂隙岩层地区,特别是在这类岩层地区开凿隧道、巷道等地下工程时是常见的。但是,这类问题的系统基本理论则很少见到,特别是将这类问题与隧道涌水量计算相联系的理论则更罕见。就此问题,给出了这类渗流问题的坐标系的选取与各种基本方程、定解条件、数学模型、隧道在倾斜剖面中的形体变态理论和两类隧道单宽涌水量的转化等较系统、较完整的一套基本理论。这些理论对实际工程和理论发展都有重要意义。     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.     

Designing a spatial pattern to rebalance the orientation of development and protection in Wuhan

Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience,and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ecological civilization construction.The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to rebalance its spatial protection and development.The results show the following:(1)Using the density of the gross domestic product(GDP),density of population,rate of urbanization,and access to transportation as evaluation indicators,seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified,accounting for 59%of the total number of streets,that exhibited a “circular-satellite”spatial structure.(2)According to the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,land use type,and slope of the terrain,the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an“inverted pyramid,”with high surroundings and a low center.The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64%of the total area of Wuhan.(3)Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current,nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km2 and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km2 were identified.Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63%of Wuhan's total area.(4)By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area,we extracted the structure of spatial development of "one heart,two wings,and three belts" in Wuhan.The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout,the development of regional linkages,and ecological environmental protection in China.     

External calibrator in global signal experiment for detection of the epoch of reionization

We present a conceptual design study of external calibrators in the 21 cm experiment towards detecting the globally averaged radiation of the epoch of reionization(EoR). Employment of external calibrator instead of internal calibrator commonly used in current EoR experiments allows removing instrumental effects such as beam pattern, receiver gain and instability of the system if the conventional three-position switch measurements are implemented in a short time interval. Furthermore, in the new design the antenna system is placed in an underground anechoic chamber with an open/closing ceiling to maximally reduce the environmental effect such as RFI and ground radiation/reflection. It appears that three of the four external calibrators proposed in this paper, including two indoor artificial transmitters and one outdoor celestial radiation(the Galactic polarization), fail to meet our purpose. Diurnal motion of the Galactic diffuse emission turns out to be the most probable source as an external calibrator, for which we have discussed the observational strategy and the algorithm of extracting the EoR signal.     

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