大菱鲆体重和形态性状的遗传动态分析

In order to elucidate the genetic mechanism of growth traits in turbot during ontogeny, developmental genetic analysis of the body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights of turbots was conducted by mixed genetic models with additive-dominance effects, based on complete diallel crosses with four different strains of Scophthalmus maximus from Denmark, Norway, Britain, and France. Unconditional genetic analysis revealed that the unconditional additive effects for the four traits were more significant than unconditional dominance effects, meanwhile, the alternative expressions were also observed between the additive and dominant effects for body weights, total lengths and standard lengths. Conditional analysis showed that the developmental periods with active gene expression for body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights were 15–18, 15 and 21–24, 15 and 24, and 21 and 27 months of age, respectively. The proportions of unconditional/conditional variances indicated that the narrow-sense heritabilities of body weights, total lengths and standard lengths were all increased systematically. The accumulative effects of genes controlling the four quantitative traits were mainly additive effects, suggesting that the selection is more efficient for the genetic improvement of turbots. The conditional genetic procedure is a useful tool to understand the expression of genes controlling developmental quantitative traits at a specific developmental period(t-1→t) during ontogeny. It is also important to determine the appropriate developmental period(t-1→t) for trait measurement in developmental quantitative genetic analysis in fish.     

基于DRASTIC的山东省丘陵山区地下水防污性能评价

地下水防污性能评价是研究和预防地下水污染的一种有效途径。在分析山东省丘陵山区地质、水文地质条件的基础上,选用DRASTIC评价方法,评价了其地下水防污性能,获得了山东省丘陵山区地下水防污性能分区图,其成果可为水行政主管部门对含水层保护和水资源配置提供科学参考。     

龙门山断裂带隆起造山独特性探讨

龙门山断裂带位于四川盆地西缘;青藏高原东部;为四川盆地与松潘-甘孜地块的接触构造边界。龙门山地区海拔从东侧100 km外四川盆地的500 m突升至3 000 m高度;明显地标注了青藏高原的东部边界;其隆升机制也引起了国内外地质工作者的广泛兴趣;并且提出了多种隆升机制模型。在本次研究中;我们利用SinoProbe-02深反射地震剖面数据对龙门山地区的隆升机制进行研究;从而进一步探讨龙门山地区隆起造山的独特性;并讨论其与传统意义中的造山带的区别;认为龙门山断裂造山带为板块内部构造活动引起岩石圈隆起所形成的。本文的研究结果将使我们更深刻地了解龙门山地区的构造活动特点;并且有助于了解青藏高原东缘对印度-欧亚板块碰撞的构造响应。     

气象预报服务效益评估方法研究——以暴雨预报服务为例

暴雨是江苏的重要气象灾害之一,为了对暴雨预报气象服务效益作出恰当的评估,我们设计了预报准确率V、预报服务覆盖率P、预报服务时效率N、可能预防能力Z等四个指标,给出了定量评估暴雨预报气象服务效益的数学模型,并且用实例说明了该模型的实用性和可操作性.预报服务覆盖率、预报服务时效和预报准确率与服务效益成正比,各个因子都会很大程度上影响服务效益值.预防能力越强,气象服务的效益越大,这也说明了气象预报只是一种信息,信息价值的体现还在于应用信息群体的决策和防御能力.     

A Review of Potential Vorticity and its Possible Application in the moist Atmospheric Flow

Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans. Significant progress has been made on the application of PV. In recent decades there has been a substantial amount of work done on PV in a general moist atmosphere. In this paper PV and the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and their application in the tropical cyclones and mesoscale meteorological field are reviewed. The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither totally dry nor saturated) by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature. Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere. A new convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in connection with GMPV in order to diagnose the development of tropical deep convections.     

A simplified conception model for salt marsh sedimentation rate calculation: Response to changing suspended sediment concentration——A case study of Wanggang salt marsh, Jiangsu Province, China

Situated at the junction of land and sea, coastal salt marshes are very sensitive to global environmental changes. Existing numerical models simulating the vertical growth of coastal salt marshes are under the conditions of low suspended sediment concentration (SSC), but under high SSC, such as in the Jiangsu coast of China, the models need to be refined. In this paper, based on the mass balance principle, a refined zero-dimensional time-stepped model is applied after considering the average suspended sediment concentration (ASSC). The statistical results of in situ observation data show that there is an obvious positive linear relationship between ASSC and maximum inundation height, and an obvious positive exponential one between inundation time and inundation height. Using the short-term measurement values for the input parameters and incorporating the above-mentioned relationship between SSC and inundation height, the sedimentation rates are calculated, and the results are similar to previous data. In addition, some factors and hydrodynamic processes that were ignored or simplified could influence the calculated value.     

华北地区大地震矩释放率和GPS应变率的一致性研究

GPS测量技术可以在较大地区范围内获得高精度地壳形变速率。稳定的应变速率提供了精确确定地震活动率的机会。本文运用Kostrov(1974)的公式将经平滑的华北地区应变速率转化为矩释放率，并与运用1303年洪洞地震以来的地震目录计算的矩释放率进行比较，发现两者之比南北向为60．6％，东西向为68．9％，北东剪切分量为104．1％。近似为1的比率表明了GPS测量结果的可靠性。这个结果对结合历史地震及大地形变测量估计矩释放进行地震危险性评估具有一定参考意义。     

气象台站数据分析、著录应用系统的介绍

“气象台站数据分析著录应用系统”由台站数据处理和数据管理组成。数据处理部分依据国家档案标准著录规则[1][2]、中国气象局要求[3][4],并充分考虑台站档案内容的特殊性,对台站档案进行广泛收集,经过筛选、比较、核实、分类、归纳和演绎、分析综合、动态分析、文献计量等方法确定标准著录格式,并完成台站数据著录及著录结果的录入工作。数据管理部分按照气象档案管理要求和用户需求设计相应的功能模块、各类数据库结构,程序全部采用Visual FoxPro6.0关系型管理数据库语言编程,对江苏省所有地面、高空、农气台站数据进行综合管理,设置了数据采集、单站查询、总体统计查询、数据更新、标准输出等5大项功能,较好地满足了现行台站历史沿革数据的管理和应用需求。     

近40 a江苏省各区域气候变化分析

本文通过对江苏省六十个气象站40 a(1961~2000年)的温度、降水量和日照时数三个主要气象要素资料的分析,揭示了40 a来江苏省淮北、江淮、苏南三个区域光、温、水各气象要素的总体变化趋势和规律。通过研究得出江苏省各区域在近40 a的气候变化总的趋势是淮北气温升高,降水和日照均呈下降趋势;江淮气温升高和降水增多,日照减少;苏南同于江淮。     

风云三号气象卫星数据传输体制分析

风云三号气象卫星 (FY-3) 是我国的新一代太阳同步轨道气象卫星, 其星-地数据传输体制采用了国际空间数据系统咨询委员会 (CCSDS) 推荐使用的先进在轨系统 (AOS) 规约和数据结构, 采用R-S编码和卷积编码级联的编码方式, 使用了L波段和X波段同时广播的方式。该文分析了FY-3星地数据传输体制, 将FY-3的传输体制与国外同类卫星传输体制进行了比较分析, 给出了FY-3的传输体制与风云一号 (FY-1) 的差别, 在此基础上提出了我国下一代气象卫星地面站建设的基本策略。