Intra-seasonal variability of the abyssal currents in COMRA’s contract area in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

In this paper, the intra-seasonal variability of the abyssal currents in the China Ocean Mineral Resources Association (COMRA) polymetallic nodule contact area, located in the western part of the Clarion and Clipperton Fraction Zone in the tropical East Pacific, is investigated using direct observations from subsurface mooring instruments as well as sea-surface height data and reanalysis products. Mooring observations were conducted from September 13, 2017 to August 15, 2018 in the COMRA contact area (10°N, 154°W). The results were as follows: (1) At depths below 200 m, the kinetic energy of intra-seasonal variability (20?100 d) accounts for more than 40% of the overall low-frequency variability, while the ratio reaches more than 50% below 2 000 m. (2) At depths below 200 m, currents show a synchronous oscillation with a characteristic time scale of 30 d, lasting from October to the following January; the energy of the 30-d oscillation increases with depth until the layer of approximately 4 616 m, and the maximum velocity is approximately 10 cm/s. (3) The 30-d oscillation of deep currents is correlated with the tropical instability waves in the upper ocean.     

水下滑翔机在识别水团新结构中的应用

本研究基于中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所自主研发的水下滑翔机在热带东太平洋观测获取的连续剖面温盐数据,并通过与多套不同数据的比测,证实国产水下滑翔机观测的温盐数据准确可靠,未来可大范围应用于深海大洋。观测结果首次发现该海域北太平洋中央水（NPCW）（50~100 m）的60~80 m层分布着中间层低盐水,分析认为该低盐水来源于水团下方的加利福尼亚流系水（CCS）,中间层低盐水形成的动力机制主要受跃层附近的内波控制,并与内波强度密切相关,同时受上层（20~60 m）障碍层的影响,该中间层低盐水仅仅出现在60~80 m。本研究发现内波与障碍层能够通过影响动能与热能的传输进而促进水团新结构的形成,相关成果丰富了内波与障碍层对上层海洋响应的研究,具有重要的科学价值。     

Progressive evolution and failure behavior of a Holocene river-damming landslide in the SE Tibetan Plateau,China

This paper presents a study on an ancient river-damming landslide in the SE Tibet Plateau, China, with a focus on time-dependent gravitational creep leading to slope failure associated with progressive fragmentation during motion. Field investigation shows that the landslide, with an estimated volume of 4.9?×?10⁷ m³, is a translational toe buckling slide. Outcrops of landslide deposits, buckling, toe shear, residual landslide dam, and lacustrine sediments are distributed at the slope base. The landslide deposits formed a landslide dam over 60 m high and at one time blocked the Jinsha River. Optically stimulated luminescence dating for the lacustrine sediments indicates that the landslide occurred at least 2,600 years ago. To investigate the progressive evolution and failure behavior of the landslide, numerical simulations using the distinct element method are conducted. The results show that the evolution of the landslide could be divided into three stages: a time-dependent gravitational creep process, rapid failure, and granular flow deposition. It probably began as a long-term gravitationally induced buckling of amphibolite rock slabs along a weak interlayer composed of mica schist which was followed by progressive fragmentation during flow-like motion, evolving into a flow-like movement, which deposited sediments in the river valley. According to numerical modeling results, the rapid failure stage lasted 35 s from the onset of sudden failure to final deposition, with an estimated maximum movement rate of 26.8 m/s. The simulated topography is close to the post-landslide topography. Based on field investigation and numerical simulation, it can be found that the mica schist interlayer and bedding planes are responsible for the slope instability, while strong toe erosion caused by the Jinsha River caused the layered rock mass to buckle intensively. Rainfall or an earthquake cannot be ruled out as a potential trigger of the landslide, considering the climate condition and the seismic activity on centennial to millennial timescales in the study area.

     

中国干旱-半干旱区表土bGDGTs与气候环境因子数据再分析

文章通过收集中国北方干旱-半干旱区域已发表的bGDGTs数据,重新计算了不同地区表土bGDGTs各组分与温度及pH等环境因子之间的相关关系。主要获得以下认识：1)不同于干旱区,半干旱区bGDGTs的异构体指标与土壤pH表现为强相关,在4个异构体指标(IBT、 CBT′、 IR′_IIa、 IR′_IIIa)中CBT′、 IR′_IIIa计算的pH结果精度较高;2)半干旱区f（5 me）与pH表现为强相关（-0.847）,指示了基于5-甲基bGDGTs的指标同样具有重建半干旱区pH的潜力。但是目前缺乏CBT′_5ME-pH之间的转换函数;3)全球温度校正方程计算得出的温度误差普遍大于中国区域校正方程（中国北方、青藏高原等区域）获取的温度误差。通过整合数据重新计算发现4个区域温度校正方程(MBT′_5ME、 Tmr、 MAATsr、 Index 1)计算的温度结果具有较小的误差,且在半干旱区重建的温度结果更为精确;另外MAATsr、 Index 1的区域温度校正方程也适用于干旱区的温度重建,...     

顺层岩质边坡溃屈变形机制及失稳判定方法

溃屈型破坏是一种常见的顺层岩质边坡破坏模式,溃屈变形发展机制及失稳破坏的定量研究对滑坡工程勘查和防治指导十分重要。本文根据边坡的地质环境和力学作用机制,建立了三维受压板简化模型,其能够考虑岩层自身重力、地震力、静水压力的共同作用和岩体材料塑性变形的影响。基于弹塑性受压板稳定理论,利用能量法推导得到了边坡溃屈变形破坏的临界方程。对于溃屈型边坡的结构失稳和滑动失稳分别提出了相应的稳定性判定方法,并针对不同状态的边坡提出了相应的防治措施建议。以四川省甘孜藏族自治州巴塘县下归哇边坡为例,对所提判定方法的正确性进行了验证。计算结果表明,边坡的临界溃屈长度（a1）为483.8 m,说明下归哇边坡能够发生溃屈变形;现场勘查得知边坡实际溃屈长度（a′）为530.0 m,a′＞a1,可知边坡是稳定的。这与实际情况相吻合,由此证明本文所提出的判定方法可行。     

中国地震网格试验系统中资源管理与作业调度研究-资源管理和作业动态分配模型ProRMJS的建立me

通过分析与研究建立资源管理和作业动态分配ProRMJS模型,解决了中国地震灾害仿真网格试验系统（CEDAGrid）中网格科学计算平台在初期建设中存在的一些资源管理方面的问题. 针对网格科学计算平台默认各个计算节点均能提供计算服务的问题,ProRMJS通过ldquo;计算池rdquo;这一虚拟组织为调度器分发作业提供支撑;而调度器则根据计算池中各个节点的计算能力和状态,动态分配任务,这样就保证了计算平台的稳定性. 针对默认各个计算节点均能完成任务的问题, ProRMJS通过监控各个节点所负担作业的运行进度和设定作业时间阈值来管理作业运行. 对于各个节点计算能力大小的区别, ProRMJS通过对各个节点计算性能的权值量化,实行按ldquo;需rdquo;分配作业. 对各个节点计算性能的权值量化, ProRMJS是通过综合考虑各个因素对机器计算能力大小的影响后通过加权计算的方式完成的,从而提高了整个计算平台的工作效率. 最后通过实现地震应力触发科学计算实例验证了方案的有效性,为网格技术在地震领域内的进一步应用作了有意义的探索.      

利用激光降水粒子谱仪研究雨滴谱分布特性

利用Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪2009年3—6月在南京观测获取雨滴谱资料,分类对各次降水过程雨滴谱进行Gamma分布拟合,对比分析了南京地区不同云系降水的雨滴谱分布特征以及Gamm a分布参数相关特性,并且讨论了"标准化"Gamma分布参数随雨强及雷达反射率因子的变化关系。结果表明:用Gamma分布拟合本次试验不同云系降水的雨滴谱分布精度都比较高;"标准化"的Gamma分布参数较Gamma分布参数更具有物理意义,且其参数μ和Dm与雷达反射率因子Z均具有较佳的对应关系,μ随Z的增大依次递减,Dm则随Z的增大呈指数型递增。     

一次强降水过程的热量和水汽收支分析

利用NCEP/NCAR每日4次全球再分析1°×1°网格资料,计算了2007年7月18日河北南部暴雨过程的水汽通量、视热源(Q1)和视水汽汇(Q2),分析了降水区热量和水汽收支的变化,并探讨了其垂直分布特征.结果表明:本次暴雨过程是由沿低涡切变线相继生成并强烈发展的中尺度对流云团造成的;当有强对流发生并伴有强降水时,就会有强的视热源Q1和视水汽汇Q2出现,且与强降水区基本对应,对流层上半部的相对冷层为暴雨区上空积云对流提供了极为有利的热力不稳定条件.     

针对IPCC评估报告中海洋碳循环的疑问——δ13C收支平衡法的验证

 通过对比IPCC历次评估报告中全球碳循环的收支发现,尽管评估报告在估算各主要碳库及其间的通量时差别不大,但表层至中深层海水间溶解无机碳通量却存在巨大差异。利用δ¹³C的收支平衡检验了这一通量的适用范围,结果表明：IPCC 1996年和2007年评估报告对此通量估计过大,而1990年和2001年评估报告估计偏小。