天津地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降

本文在有关学者以往研究工作的基础上，对天津地区的相对海平面上升和地面沉降问题作了分析探讨。相对海平面上升已经在该区造成了种种危害，随着未来全球理论海平面的上升和该区地面沉降的存在，这些危害还将继续威胁着天津地区的社会和经济生活。天津地区的地面沉降主要由人类活动引起，是该区影响相对海平面上升诸多因子中贡献率最大的因子，也是该区不容忽视的地质灾害之一。由于采取了积极的控制措施，天津地区人为引起地面沉降在相对海平面上升中的贡献率已从上世纪七、八十年代的90％以上降至60％以下。可以预计，在未来几十年中，人为引起地面沉降在相对海平面上升中仍将占相当大的比例，必须引起人们的高度警觉，采取更为积极的防治对策。     

应用CGDPA评估中国大陆地区IMERG的降水估计精度

应用国家气象信息中心基于地面雨量计的逐日降水分析产品CGDPA (China Gauge-Based Daily Precipitation Analysis)为基准数据,采用定量和分类评分指标分析了2014年9月—2015年8月中国大陆地区全球降水观测GPM (Global Precipitation M easurement)多星集成降水产品IM ERG (Integrated M ulti-satellite Retrievals for GPM)的精度。结果表明:1) IMERG日平均降水量能够较好地反映我国降水量的空间分布特点(局部地区偏低),季节平均降水强度的空间分布与CGDPA具有较好的一致性(尤其中东部和南部)。2) IMERG与CGDPA日平均降水量的相关系数在大部分地区介于0. 2～0. 5,只有少数地区超过0. 6,局部地区甚至出现负相关。3) IM ERG在中国大陆东部的降水估计精度明显优于西部,但东部绝大部分地区IMERG日降水量比CGDPA偏低10%～30%,甚至更低。4) IMERG与CGDPA降水概率密度相差最大的是微量降雨,其次是中雨,其他降水强度则相差很小。5)各季节IMERG探测降水的准确率POD都比较低,空报率FAR则比较高,临界成功指数CSI也比较低。     

Functional characterization of a novel microbial esterase identified from the Indian Ocean and its use in the stereoselective preparation of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-methyl mandelate

Genomic mining has identified a novel microbial alkaline esterase from the Indian Ocean. This esterase was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and further functionally characterized. Under optimal conditions (10 mmol/L substrate, pH 6.0, 2 h at 40 °C), this esterase can hydrolyze racemic methyl mandelate to (R)-methyl mandelate with very high optical purity (e.e. >99%) and yield (nearly 90%). Interestingly, the stereoselectivity of this esterase is opposite to that of two previously reported lipases that can generate (S)-methyl mandelate through the hydrolysis of racemic methyl mandelate. No organic solvents or other additives were required to optimize the optical purity and production of the final chiral product (R)-methyl mandelate, which can potentially simplify the production procedure of (R)-methyl mandelate catalyzed by esterase.     

减隔震技术在桥梁结构中的应用

首先对减隔震技术的概念、原理等作了一定的介绍,并通过与传统的利用结构自身强度抵抗地震作用方法的比较,说明了减隔震技术在减小结构的地震反应、工程造价方面的优越性.在对几座典型的减隔震桥梁介绍基础上,表明了减隔震技术在一些桥梁结构抗震设计或加固中的应用情况与所取得的良好的抗震性能.阐述了目前减隔震技术研究的情况及今后需要进一步研究的问题,为我国从事相关工作的工程人员和研究人员提供一点参考.     

长期冻融循环引起黄土强度劣化的试验研究

以陕西杨凌地区黄土为研究对象,进行了不同含水率、不同干密度的黄土在不同冻融循环次数作用下的直剪试验,探索出进行黄土反复冻融循环试验的方法和控制标准,探讨了封闭系统下黄土在反复冻融循环作用下的抗剪强度劣化特性规律。试验结果表明:黄土在反复冻融循环作用下,表面破坏比较严重;随着冻融次数的增加,黄土的黏聚力先减小后增大,最低值发生在10次冻融循环之内;内摩擦角基本不变;反复冻融循环作用在3~5次对黄土强度有较大的影响,会导致黄土强度的劣化现象发生,但长期冻融作用则会主要体现在对黄土表面的变形破坏等其他方面。     

The standards for skill assessment of operational marine forecast system

To support navigational and environmental applications in coastal waters, marine opera- tional forecast models must be developed and implemented. A forecast model must guarantee that it is scientifically sound and practically robust for performance and must meet or excel all target frequencies or durations before being released to the public. This paper discusses the standard policies and procedures for evaluation of operational marine forecast models. The primary variables to be evaluated are water lev- els, currents and water density (water temperature and salinity).     

Statistical Modeling with a Hidden Markov Tree and High-resolution Interpolation for Spaceborne Radar Reflectivity in the Wavelet Domain

With the increasing availability of precipitation radar data from space, enhancement of the resolution of spaceborne precipitation observations is important, particularly for hazard prediction and climate modeling at local scales relevant to extreme precipitation intensities and gradients. In this paper, the statistical characteristics of radar precipitation reflectivity data are studied and modeled using a hidden Markov tree (HMT) in the wavelet domain. Then, a high-resolution interpolation algorithm is proposed for spaceborne radar reflectivity using the HMT model as prior information. Owing to the small and transient storm elements embedded in the larger and slowly varying elements, the radar precipitation data exhibit distinct multiscale statistical properties, including a non-Gaussian structure and scale-to-scale dependency. An HMT model can capture well the statistical properties of radar precipitation, where the wavelet coefficients in each sub-band are characterized as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and the wavelet coefficients from the coarse scale to fine scale are described using a multiscale Markov process. The state probabilities of the GMM are determined using the expectation maximization method, and other parameters, for instance, the variance decay parameters in the HMT model are learned and estimated from high-resolution ground radar reflectivity images. Using the prior model, the wavelet coefficients at finer scales are estimated using local Wiener filtering. The interpolation algorithm is validated using data from the precipitation radar onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite, and the reconstructed results are found to be able to enhance the spatial resolution while optimally reproducing the local extremes and gradients.     

1961—2018年九江夏季降水的年际变化特征及其可能原因

采用1961—2018年中国160站降水资料、NOAA海面温度资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用回归分析等方法,对九江夏季降水的年际变化特征及其可能原因进行分析。结果表明：九江夏季降水具有明显的年际变化特征,存在准4 a的变化周期;九江夏季降水与中国105°E以东的长江中下游及以南地区夏季降水呈显著正相关关系;中国邻近海域的西北太平洋（140°—150°E,15°—25°N）为影响九江夏季降水的海面温度关键区。西北太平洋海温异常与九江夏季降水异常的对应关系为：当西北太平洋夏季海温偏高时,西北太平洋副热带高压偏强偏南、贝加尔湖阻塞高压偏活跃、东亚副热带夏季风偏弱,长江中下游及以南有异常南、北风交汇,且水汽充沛、垂直运动旺盛。这种环流配置有利于长江中下游及以南地区包括九江的夏季降水偏多;反之亦然。     

陇东黄土区地质灾害气象预警方法与应用——以泾川县为例

在地质灾害详细调查的基础上,基于GIS平台以地质灾害点密度为依据生成初步地质灾害易发性区划图.从诱发地质灾害的内部因素出发将地层岩性、地形坡度、地貌类型、植被覆盖率、多年降雨量分级后,叠加到初步易发性区划图中,生成了地质灾害气象预警区划基图.以降雨作为诱发地质灾害的主导外在因素,重新对泾川县进行了地质灾害气象预警区划,...     

长江三峡水库诱发地震的成因类型

分析了三峡水库诱发地震的空间分布特征及库水位变化与地震频度、强度的相关性；讨论了微震群的成因类型。其成因类型主要为岩溶陷落型、塌矿型、裂隙(层面)错动型和水诱发作用下的构造型。