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881.
882.
Stable silicon isotopes of groundwater, feldspars, and clay coatings in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona, USA 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present some of the first analyses of the stable isotopic composition of dissolved silicon (Si) in groundwater. The groundwater samples were from the Navajo Sandstone aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA, and the Si isotope composition of detrital feldspars and secondary clay coatings in the aquifer were also analyzed. Silicon isotope compositions were measured using high-resolution multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HR-MC-ICP-MS) (Nu1700 & NuPlasma HR). The quartz dominated bulk rock and feldspar separates have similar δ30Si of −0.09 ± 0.04‰ and −0.15 ± 0.04‰ (±95% SEM), respectively, and clay separates are isotopically lighter by up to 0.4‰ compared to the feldspars. From isotopic mass-balance considerations, co-existing aqueous fluids should have δ30Si values heavier than the primary silicates. Positive δ30Si values were only found in the shallow aquifer, where Si isotopes are most likely fractionated during the dissolution of feldspars and subsequent formation of clay minerals. However, δ30Si decreases along the flow path from 0.56‰ to −1.42‰, representing the most negative dissolved Si isotope composition so far found for natural waters. We speculate that the enrichment in 28Si is due to dissolution of partly secondary clay minerals and low-temperature silcretes in the Navajo Sandstone. The discovery of the large range and systematic shifts of δ30Si values along a groundwater flow path illustrates the potential utility of stable Si isotopes for deciphering the Si cycling in sedimentary basins, tracing fluid flow, and evaluating global Si cycle. 相似文献
883.
镉标准溶液配制结果的不确定度评定 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
选择氧化镉标准物质,配制成质量浓度为1000μg/mL的镉标准溶液,利用等离子体质谱法对标准溶液进行了定值与稳定性检验。通过对镉标准溶液配制过程不确定因素的描述,以95%概率下的扩展因子2获得标准溶液浓度配制标示值的扩展不确定度。实验数据表明,所配制的标准溶液稳定性可达2年。 相似文献
884.
A hierarchical finite element is presented for the geometrically nonlinear free and forced vibration of a non-uniform Timoshenko beam resting on a two-parameter foundation. Legendre orthogonal polynomials are used as enriching shape functions to avoid the shear-locking problem. With the enriching degrees of freedom, the accuracy of the computed results and the computational efficiency are greatly improved. The arc-length iterative method is used to solve the nonlinear eigenvalue equation. The computed results of linear and nonlinear vibration analyses show that the convergence of the proposed element is very fast with respect to the number of Legendre orthogonal polynomials used. Since the elastic foundation and the axial load applied at both ends of the beam affect the ratios of linear frequencies associated with the internal resonance, they influence the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the beam. The axial tensile stress of the beam in nonlinear vibration is investigated in this paper, and attention should be paid to the geometrically nonlinear vibration resulting in considerably large axial tensile stress in the beam. 相似文献
885.
Lei Chao Ren Jianye Pei Jianxiang Liu Bowen Zuo Xiang Liu Jiaao Zhu Shiguo 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,64(11):1893-1908
Science China Earth Sciences - The Red River Fault, which originated from the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, has a great significance for obtaining a further understanding of the... 相似文献
886.
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888.
There is variability in the Mg isotopic composition that is a reflection of the widespread heterogeneity in the isotopic composition of the elements in the solar system at approximately 100 ppm. Measurements on a single calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion (CAI) gave a good correlation of 26Mg/24Mg with 27Al/24Mg, yielding an isochron corresponding to an initial (26Al/27Al)o = (5.27 ± 0.18) × 10?5 and an initial (26Mg/24Mg)o = ?0.127 ± 0.032‰ relative to the standard. This isochron is parallel to that obtained by Jacobsen et al. (2008) , but is distinctively offset. This demonstrates that there are different initial Mg isotopic compositions in different samples with the same 26Al/27Al. No inference about uniformity/heterogeneity of 26Al/27Al on a macro scale can be based on the initial (26Mg/24Mg)o values. Different values of 26Al/27Al for samples representing the same point in time would prove heterogeneity of 26Al/27Al. The important issue is whether the bulk solar inventory of 26Al/27Al was approximately 5 × 10?5 at some point in the early solar system. We discuss ultra refractory phases of solar type oxygen isotope composition with 26Al/27Al from approximately 5 × 10?5 to below 0.2 × 10?5. We argue that the real issues are: intrinsic heterogeneity in the parent cloud; mechanism and timing for the later production of 16O‐poor material; and the relationship to earlier formed 16O‐rich material in the disk. 26Al‐free refractories can be produced at a later time by late infall, if there is an adequate heat source, or from original heterogeneities in the placental molecular cloud from which the solar system formed. 相似文献
889.
The short-term periodicity in the solar mean magnetic field (SMMF) observed at the Wilcox Solar Observatory during the last four activity cycles is investigated by using Lomb?CScargle periodograms. Our results show that the SMMF has main periods of about 27, 13.5, and 9 days in both the maximum and minimum years of each activity cycle. The SMMF has the most dominant period of about 27 days during the activity maxima. However, during the activity minimum years the 13.5-day periodicity is the most significant, except for the minimum of 1984??C?1986. These results indicate that the distribution of active regions in the activity maximum years is quite different from that in the minimum years. 相似文献
890.
全球干热岩资源开发诱发地震活动和灾害风险管控 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
干热岩地热资源作为一种绿色可再生的新型能源,其开发利用已成为当前世界各国尤其是发达国家能源战略的重要组成部分.但由于干热岩位于地壳浅部3~10 km,在采用增强型地热系统(EGS)等通用开发方式过程中,伴随着地壳应力状态的扰动,部分开采项目发生较大震级的诱发地震事件,甚至造成明显灾害、引起社会问题,亟待实现科学利用和风险管控.鉴于此问题在平衡能源开发战略和社会安全领域的重要性和关键性,本文梳理了全球干热岩开采诱发地震的总体情况、典型案例,整理了在成因和机理研究、地震灾害风险管控和缓解等方面的研究进展.综合分析结果表明,已有EGS项目案例中诱发地震震级超过3.0的达到31.2%、主要与断层活化有关,最大的诱发地震可发生在注水压裂、关井后、循环生产等各阶段.干热岩开采诱发地震有多种成因,已有案例多为多种成因共同作用,其中的关井后的尾随效应是目前重大难点.目前世界各国已开展了广泛的诱发地震机理研究并探索多种减灾措施,认为累积注水体积、注水速率与最大诱发震级之间不存在普适性的定标关系,前瞻性预测需要采用"一井一策"的方式.在缓解诱发地震灾害风险上,普遍采用科学的流体注入策略、对注采策略进行验证校准、持续开展地震活动监测等系列措施.此外,对储层的临界应力状态和应力时空演化的量化描述、地热储层内的先存断层与裂缝的探测识别、可有效管控地震发生的流体注入策略等,是当前干热岩资源开发减轻地震风险的主要技术难点,而利用地热储层实时感知信息技术、采用新的注入热交换载体、发展前瞻性的地震预测方法是该领域目前重点关注的技术方向.根据我国的干热岩资源开发和减轻地震灾害风险的实际情况,亟待建立开采场地安全性和灾害风险评价、多学科的地震监测网络和分析技术、地震灾害风险管控红绿灯系统等技术体系,并加强关井后的尾随现象、多场耦合等科学问题的基础研究. 相似文献