金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)调控浮游植物捕获磷与生长的策略

水体浮游植物具有捕获利用磷的能力以及沉水植物能够显著抑制水体中藻类生长已得到国内外广泛共识,但相应的潜在机制尚缺乏深入了解.本研究选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为研究对象,基于室内模拟实验,探讨了沉水植物调控浮游植物捕获磷与过度生长的机制.结果显示,尽管未种植金鱼藻的对照组上覆水中总磷、总溶解态磷和可溶性活性磷的平均浓度均显著高于种植金鱼藻的实验组(约4倍),但是两个系统中这3种磷浓度随时间的变化趋势均符合S形的对数曲线.实验组藻类密度、有效光量子产量、总碱性磷酸酶活性(TAPA)以及细颗粒碱性磷酸酶活性(细颗粒APA)也远低于对照组.此外,对照组中粗颗粒碱性磷酸酶活性(粗颗粒APA)占TAPA的44.7%,显著高于细颗粒APA.结构方程模型结果表明,对照组水体藻类密度对TAPA具有直接的正向作用,而金鱼藻的生长显著弱化了不同形态磷与APA、藻类密度、细菌动力以及光量子产量之间的相互作用.这说明沉水植物对水体浮游植物生长的调控具有多种策略.     

合肥塘西河异味物质及异味影响因子研究

以合肥市塘西河为研究对象,2014-2015年逐月对其水体水质和异味物质进行监测,同时结合塘西河浮游植物群落结构调查,综合分析塘西河异味物质变化规律及其影响因素.研究发现,塘西河异味暴发集中发生在夏季,夏季二甲基异莰醇浓度可达4909 ng/L,土腥素浓度可达197 ng/L.浮游植物群落结构调查表明,秋、冬季塘西河优势种类为蓝藻,春、夏季为硅藻、绿藻或隐藻.主成分分析得到5种主成分分别解释了光照、有机质、微生物活动、氮、磷等对水质的影响.相关性分析结果表明,氮是塘西河异味的限制因素,水体中氮浓度较高是异味产生的重要原因.     

矾山岩浆岩型磷(铁)矿床成矿地质背景分析

在矾山磷（铁）矿床生成的海西─印支期,各方向深大断裂同时活动,为岩体和矿床源源不断地提供物源;张宣幔枝构造外围拆离滑脱带为其提供容岩空间;岩体在复盖层下的巨厚沉积盖层中分异、演化,同时伴随着印支期开阔宽缓的褶皱。它充分反映了矿床生成于准地台活化初期的大地构造背景环境。     

中国西部汛期降水的时空演变分析

用中国西部１０省区（１１０°Ｅ以西）１３０个站的月降水资料，分析夏半年４—１０月的月降水相对系数、月际和年际标准差变化特征。结果表明，各地区受不同降水体系影响，降水在时空上的差异很大。天山北部主要受西风带降水体系影响，月际降水差异不大；西北地区受西太平洋副热带高压雨带影响，降水具有西进北抬尔后东退南辙的特征；高原季风雨带对四川西部、云南和西藏有明显影响，雨季从东南向西北开始，而结束与此相反。月际和年际标准差表明，在以南疆盆地为主的东北—西南一带地区的标准差为高值区，而该地区以东和以北地区的标准差呈逐渐减小趋势     

A further study on an extended nonlinear ocean—atmosphere coupled hydrodynamic characteristic system and the abrupt feature of ENSO events

In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the ralationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied. ¹The project is supported by National Natural Sciences Fundation of China (NNSFC).     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES SINCE LATE PLEISTOCENE IN ESTUARINE PLAIN OF JIULONG RIVER, FUJIAN PROVINCE

TheestuarineplainoftheJiulongRiver,whichisthesecondlargestrivernexttotheMinjiangRiverinFujianPrc)vince,intervenesbetweenXi~enandZhangzhoucitiesinthesouthoftheprovince.'I'heplainconsistsofthreeparts:thenorthernplain,thesouthernPlainandZiniIsles.Withsoutllcrn--Subtr<)picoceanicm(>nasexinclimate,itdevelol>saregionalvegetationtypeofeveTgreen13r(Jad--lcav(3dfores[,ofwhicll,however,mosthasbeendestroyedbyhumanbeing.Nowaday-s.shruborgrasslandvegetationcanbeseenonthehillsintheviciTlily'ofthisarea…     

Predicting TBM penetration rate in hard rock condition: A comparative study among six XGB-based metaheuristic techniques

A reliable and accurate prediction of the tunnel boring machine(TBM) performance can assist in minimizing the relevant risks of high capital costs and in scheduling tunneling projects.This research aims to develop six hybrid models of extreme gradient boosting(XGB) which are optimized by gray wolf optimization(GWO), particle swarm optimization(PSO), social spider optimization(SSO), sine cosine algorithm(SCA), multi verse optimization(MVO) and moth flame optimization(MFO), for estimation of the TBM penetration rate(PR).To do this, a comprehensive database with 1286 data samples was established where seven parameters including the rock quality designation, the rock mass rating, Brazilian tensile strength(BTS), rock mass weathering, the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS), revolution per minute and trust force per cutter(TFC), were set as inputs and TBM PR was selected as model output.Together with the mentioned six hybrid models, four single models i.e., artificial neural network, random forest regression, XGB and support vector regression were also built to estimate TBM PR for comparison purposes.These models were designed conducting several parametric studies on their most important parameters and then, their performance capacities were assessed through the use of root mean square error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute percentage error, and a10-index.Results of this study confirmed that the best predictive model of PR goes to the PSO-XGB technique with system error of(0.1453, and 0.1325), R~2 of(0.951, and 0.951), mean absolute percentage error(4.0689, and 3.8115), and a10-index of(0.9348, and 0.9496) in training and testing phases, respectively.The developed hybrid PSO-XGB can be introduced as an accurate, powerful and applicable technique in the field of TBM performance prediction.By conducting sensitivity analysis, it was found that UCS, BTS and TFC have the deepest impacts on the TBM PR.     

地下爆炸各向同性源和补偿线性矢量偶极源共同作用对Rg波低谷点的影响

本文利用地震面波激发理论计算了两种震源不同相对强度、相对埋深及源时间函数情况下的Rg波频谱,研究地下爆炸中各向同性(ISO)源和补偿线性矢量偶极(CLVD)源共同激发的Rg波信号低谷点特性.结果表明,由于两种震源相对强度、相对埋深及源频谱的影响,混合信号低谷点频率与单一CLVD源激发的信号有很大差异,因此实际地下爆炸中...