3D modeling of geological anomalies based on segmentation of multiattribute fusion

3D modeling of geological bodies based on 3D seismic data is used to define the shape and volume of the bodies, which then can be directly applied to reservoir prediction, reserve estimation, and exploration. However, multiattributes are not effectively used in 3D modeling. To solve this problem, we propose a novel method for building of 3D model of geological anomalies based on the segmentation of multiattribute fusion. First, we divide the seismic attributes into edge- and region-based seismic attributes. Then, the segmentation model incorporating the edge- and region-based models is constructed within the levelset-based framework. Finally, the marching cubes algorithm is adopted to extract the zero level set based on the segmentation results and build the 3D model of the geological anomaly. Combining the edge-and region-based attributes to build the segmentation model, we satisfy the independence requirement and avoid the problem of insufficient data of single seismic attribute in capturing the boundaries of geological anomalies. We apply the proposed method to seismic data from the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China and obtain 3D models of caves and channels. Compared with 3D models obtained based on single seismic attributes, the results are better agreement with reality.     

村镇隔震砌体结构振动台试验方案设计研究

为使铅芯橡胶支座隔震技术应用于村镇砌体结构,将隔震层设置于地坪以上,本文给出了隔震构造的具体做法。选取典型村镇2层未设构造柱的砖砌体结构房屋为试验原型,按1:2缩尺,设计有隔震层和无隔震层的振动台对比试验。首先采用反应谱分析方法,对隔震和非隔震结构分别选取三条地震波,然后通过数值分析,研究隔震和非隔震结构在输入不同地震波时的地震反应规律,根据数值模拟的分析结果设计结构振动台试验中的传感器布置和加载方案。本文设计的砌体隔震振动台试验方案已试验成功,可为振动台试验设计和研究提供参考。     

Influence of aquatic plants on the hydrogen isotope composition of sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes in the Lake Qinghai region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The hydrogen isotopic composition(δD) of leaf wax long-chain n-alkanes(C27, C29, and C31) from lacustrine sediments has been widely applied to reconstruct terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological changes. However, few studies have addressed whether the aquatic-derived n-alkanes can affect the δD values of lake sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes, which are usually regarded as a recorder of the terrestrial hydrological signals. Here we systematically investigated δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from modern aquatic plants, both near-shore and off-shore surface sediments, surrounding terrestrial plant litters, as well as river water and lake water in Lake Qinghai and its satellite lakes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our data showed that(i) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants varied from-184‰ to-132‰ for n-C27, from-183‰ to-138‰ for n-C29, and from-189‰ to-130‰ for n-C31, respectively, with no significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues;(ii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants were generally more positive than those from surrounding terrestrial plants, possibly because that they recorded the D-enrichment of lake water in this semi-arid region;(iii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from surface sediments showed significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues, due to the larger aquatic input of n-C27 to the sedimentary lipid pool than that of n-C31, and(iv) n-C27 δD values of near-shore aquatic plants and near-shore sediments are more negative than those from off-shore as a result of lower δD values of near-shore lake water. Our findings indicate that in this region(i) the offset between sedimentary n-C27 and n-C31 δD values(ΔδDC27-C31) could potentially be used to evaluate if sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes are derived from a single source;(ii) while δD values of n-C27 may be influenced by lake water hydrological changes, sedimentary n-C31 is derived predominantly from terrestrial plants and thus its δD can serve as a relatively reliable indicator for terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological reconstructions.     

科尔沁沙地固定沙丘土壤水体积分数变化

利用2006-2009年5-9月科尔沁沙地固定沙丘0~150 cm土壤水体积分数监测数据及降水资料,采用偏度、峰度检验法检验了固定沙丘不同月及不同土层土壤水体积分数的正态性,并得到了其正态分布相关参数的估计值及其置信区间;同时,对不同土层、不同月及不同年间的土壤水体积分数变化和差异进行了分析。结果表明:(1)固定沙丘同一月的土壤水体积分数以显著性水平α=0.1通过正态分布的假设检验;固定沙丘土壤水体积分数的平均值范围1.82%~4.95%,主要集中在2%~4%;(2)受降水影响,固定沙丘7月土壤水体积分数较高,且与其他月的差异显著;7月土壤水体积分数均值和方差的点估计及置信水平为0.95的置信区间、统计特征均与其他月的有较大差异;(3)固定沙丘0~10 cm土壤水体积分数较低,且与其他土层有显著差异;而10~30 cm土壤水体积分数较高;(4)2008年土壤水体积分数较低,而2009年土壤水体积分数较高;除2007年与2008年土壤水体积分数没有显著差异外,其余年份间的土壤水体积分数均有显著差异。     

基于投影寻踪的汛期分期探讨

汛期分期研究是实现电站、水库动态汛限水位调度控制的基础.本文从汛期分期的实质--时序系列高维数据聚类分析出发,以投影寻踪理论为基础,构造了水库汛期分期投影寻踪模型,然后采用遗传算法实现了模型参数的优选,并将该方法应用于滦河流域潘家口水库汛期分期中,并与其它计算方法相比较,得出了合理结论.采用投影寻踪方法来进行汛期分期具有过程简单、结果直观的优点,不失为一种好方法.     

油气资源评价的多参数约束改进油气田(藏)规模序列法及其应用

油气田(藏)规模序列法是油气资源评价常用的方法之一,其优点是不但可以给出总的资源量,而且还可以给出各油气田(藏)的规模和序列,不足是其预测结果带有多解性。在多年的资评工作中,形成了一套求取规模序列中关键参数的科学方法:依据其他方法(成因法等)求取的资源量来约束规模序列法求取的地质资源量;依据高勘探区地质资源量与最大单一油气田(藏)规模统计关系来约束评价区最大单一油气田(藏)规模;根据预测单元可能存在的圈闭数(包含隐蔽圈闭)来限制预测的油气田(藏)个数。通过采用总量约束、最大单一规模约束和油气田(藏)个数约束,获得的结果克服了原方法存在的一些问题,使评价结果更科学,更符合地质实际。以该方法在黄河口凹陷等地区的应用实例证明了评价结果与勘探认识吻合较好。     

河北张百湾中生代盖层下隐伏磁铁石英岩型铁矿床的勘查条件

矿床勘查条件是寻找隐伏铁矿的基础。通过对河北张百湾隐伏铁矿勘查的, 归纳了寻找隐伏磁铁石英岩型铁矿的勘查条件。原始含矿建造是寻找隐伏铁矿的基础条件, 盖层的厚度和产状及岩性对寻找隐伏铁矿起限制作用, 断裂构造对隐伏铁矿起破坏作用, 但简单的差异性升降对隐伏铁矿勘查的影响程度不大。航磁异常是寻找隐伏铁矿的重要条件, 地面高精度磁异常是寻找隐伏铁矿的充分条件, 而对地面磁测数据的合理处理是了解深部磁性体产状变化和埋深的必要条件。     

乐山城市地质灾害分区评价及管理体系研究

随着城市化进程的加快,城市人口不断增多,城市工程建设活动日趋活跃,对城市地质环境影响也越来越大.本文通过对乐山市人口、地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、区域稳定性等的综合分析,实现对乐山市城市环境地质中的地质灾害危险性分区评价,给出乐山城市地质灾害管理建议,为乐山城市安全运行及可持续发展提供依据.     

Geochemistry and SHRIMP geochronology of alkaline rocks of the Zijinshan massif in the eastern Ordos basin, China

Characteristics of geology, petrology, and geochemistry of the Zijinshan massif were studied in the eastern part of the Ordos basin. Geochemical analysis shows that the massif is characterized by high alkali, relatively high Fe, and low Mg and Ca contents. The rocks are undersaturated in SiO₂, rich in REE (with no Eu anomaly) and belong to the alkaline-peralkaline series. The geologic history of the Zijinshan massif consists of several stages of magmatism. The obtained isotope-geochronological (U-Pb SHRIMP) data show that the magmatic activity climaxed in the interval 150–110 Ma, while the age of 16 zircon grains fitted a narrower interval, 132–125 Ma, i.e., the Early Cretaceous. The younger age corresponds to the middle and late stages of the evolution of the Ordos basin and agrees with a large Early Cretaceous tectonothermal event in North China. This event led to the large-scale uplift of the eastern flank of the Ordos basin, rise of the Lüliang asthenosphere, and to the formation of a large west-sloping monocline. The U-Pb SHRIMP studies have also revealed magmatic zircons of Carboniferous–Permian age, which evidences the multistage character of the thermal process.     

Hydrostratigraphic framework and hydrogeological behaviour of the Mancha Oriental System (SE Spain)

The Mancha Oriental System (MOS) has a surface area of 7,260 km², making it one of the largest carbonate aquifer systems in Spain. The system sustains about 1,000 km² of irrigated crops and supplies groundwater to 275,000 inhabitants. The economic transformation brought about by the development of extensive irrigated cropland has led to a water-balance disequilibrium of about 75 million m³/year. This input–output deficit has negative consequences in the quantity and quality of the available resources, in the river–aquifer relationship, and in the associated ecosystems as well. To understand the hydrogeological behaviour of the system, it is necessary to design a conceptual model. Further, the conceptualisation of a groundwater flow system is a requirement of the European Water Framework Directive for the characterisation of groundwater bodies. The robustness of the conceptual model depends heavily on the user capability of representing the real system. In this work, a multidisciplinary approach has been used to represent the three-dimensional geological framework and the groundwater flow conceptualisation of the MOS. Data management and three-dimensional visualisation have been carried out by means of geographical information system (GIS) tools and software for contouring and three-dimensional surface mapping.