西藏伦坡拉地区的大地构造属性与构造演化

西藏伦坡拉地区系指东经88°30′—91°00′,北纬31°20′—32°20′之间,面积约两万四千平方公里的地区。著名的班公湖—怒江深大断裂从本区北部通过,区内段叫崩则错（错意湖）—兹各圹错深大断裂。它宽4—20公里,长约200公里,由数条或数十条断层所组成。断裂带西宽东窄,任姜索日处妆敛,东段走向北西西向,西段走向南西西向。它可能形成于印支期（甚致早于印支期）,在燕山期和喜山期均有活动。沿断裂带具有一系列东西拉长的重、磁异常和大量不同时期、不同性质的侵入岩与喷发岩,以及由二叠系等外来岩块组成的构造混杂岩等。     

Microcosm experiments on the effect of nutrient enrichment and a soil layer on the development of freshwater plankton

We investigated the response of phytoplankton and zooplankton to experimental alteration of nitrate and phosphate levels in outdoor enclosures. Experiments were conducted in summer and winter and in the absence and presence of a layer of soil. The tubs (12 in all) except the two plain water controls were manured initially with a mixture of fresh cowdung (50g 1⁻¹), mustard oil cake (25 g l⁻¹) and poultry wastes (25 g l⁻¹; mostly excreta), prior to enrichment. Water samples were collected from the experimental tubs twice a week to measure selected physico-chemical and biological variables. Water temperature in the summer experiments ranged from 20–30 °C and during the winter experiments from 11–15 °C. The pH values ranged from 8.0 to 9.5 and the dissolved oxygen levels from 8.2–10.0 mg l⁻¹. The levels of soluble reactive phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen ranged from undetectable levels to 1800 μg l⁻¹ and 6000 μg l⁻¹, respectively. The increase in chlorophyll-a following enrichment was rapid (3–7 days) during summer, but slower in winter (7–14 days). The predominant phytoplankton species observed in the tubs belong to the genera Sphaerocystis, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Cosmarium, Ulothrix, Zygnema, Gonium and Pandorina. The rotifer species observed were Brachionus calyciflorus, Rotaria neptunia, Lecane bulla, L. luna, L. unguitata, Euchlanis dilatata, Asplanchna intermedia, Pseudoharringia spp., Eosphora spp., Lepadella ovalis, Epiphanes brachionus, Hexarthra mira and Cephalodella gibba. The cladocerans observed were Macrothrix spp. and Alona spp.     

朱溪矿集区黑云母石英二长斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

朱溪矿集区内新发现高Sr/Y型枣林黑云母石英二长斑岩,对其开展系统的地球化学和年代学研究,表明岩石具有高w(SiO2)(68.67％～69.27％)、高w(Al2O3)(15.78％～16.54％)、高w(K2O)(3.69％～3.88％),为高钾钙碱性、过铝质石英二长斑岩;∑REE为205.21×10-6～213.13×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=19.10～20.93,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,具弱Eu负异常;Ba、U、K、Pb、Sr正异常,Nb、Ta、P、Ti负异常,具岛弧岩浆特点;较高的w(Sr)(366.05×10-6～474.16×10-6)、较低的w(Y)(7.26×10-6～8.89×10-6)、w(Yb)(0.62×10-6～0.73×10-6)显示出埃达克质岩特征.锆石U-Pb年龄为(157±1)Ma.文章认为枣林黑云母石英二长斑岩受古太平洋板块向大陆斜低角度俯冲的影响,形成于弧岩浆构造环境,源区残留相以角闪岩相为主,次为石榴子石,来源深度较深.朱溪矿集区在160 Ma具备形成含Cu成矿岩浆的构造环境及岩浆岩条件,具有找寻斑岩型铜矿的潜力.     

压力型锚杆力学性能模型试验研究

为了研究在软质沉积岩条件下压力型锚杆的力学性能,进行了缩尺模型试验。设计的试验锚杆构造良好,模拟的承载体和无黏结形式简单可靠。通过设计不同的锚固段长度,试验获得了岩石条件下压力型锚杆的荷载-位移全曲线。与相同条件的普通拉力型锚索对比,压力型锚杆体现出优秀的抗拔极限承载力、良好的位移延性特征和残余强度;在归纳压力型锚杆破坏模式的基础上提出最佳锚固长度的基本范围,并按理论解进行了算例验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。模型试验对压力型锚杆的力学性能进行了较深入探索,可供相关理论研究、科学试验和工程实践参考。     

新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘吐谷鲁群沉积体系分析

根据在新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘乌尔禾-夏子街地区的野外地层露头观察、追索及钻孔资料分析研究,笔者认为,该区下白垩统吐谷鲁群是一套以灰绿色砂岩和红色、棕红色泥岩组成的干燥气候条件下形成的内陆湖相碎屑沉积,发育浅水三角洲体系,主要由三角洲平原和三角洲前缘相组成.吐谷鲁群碎屑岩的碎屑粒度由下而上可分为两个大的韵律旋回,即粗-细-粗-细,反映了水体扩展到萎缩再扩展的过程.有利铀成矿的砂岩层主要集中在两个韵律旋回的底部,形成于三角洲平原分流河道、决口扇、三角洲前缘水下分流河道和水下堤环境.     

多分类器联合监督分类方法研究

针对遥感图像监督分类方法适用范围不同且分类机制各有优劣的特点,本文提出将最大似然法与最小距离法结合的监督分类法。对eTM 影像进行分类,结果表明,与单一分类器的分类结果相比,分类器结合的监督分类技术能有效提高遥感图像专题信息提取的精度。     

江西省浮梁县朱溪钨铜矿床花岗岩成因及其与成矿的关系

继江西省武宁县大湖塘地区发现并查明了世界最大的钨矿之后 ,近年来在江西省浮梁县朱溪地区又发现了具有世界级资源潜力的钨铜矿.通过分析浮梁县朱溪钨铜矿床隐伏成矿花岗岩的区域构造背景、岩石学特征、围岩蚀变、稀土与微量元素地球化学特征等 ,探讨花岗岩的成因及其与成矿的关系.研究表明 ,该矿床的形成与朱溪花岗岩具有密切关系 ,朱溪花岗岩既不同于S型花岗岩 ,也不同于I型花岗岩 ,这种壳幔混杂与地层叠覆—壳层同熔型岩浆系列的过渡成就了朱溪超大型矿床.     

用于探测孔旁溶洞的管波探测法

文章介绍了一种全新的孔中物探方法--管波探测法,管波探测法利用"管波"这种弹性波作为工作媒介,探测钻孔孔旁一定范围内的洞穴(土洞、溶洞)、软弱夹层等不良地质体的存在及分布情况,可为建筑物的桩基础设计和施工提供准确的地质资料.     

松辽盆地南部青山口组湖相风暴沉积

用岩心观察、粒度分析、薄片鉴定等方法,研究了松辽盆地南部青山口组湖相风暴沉积。结果表明,本区风暴沉积具有:a.丘状交错层理、冲刷面、渠模、截切构造、泄水构造及生物扰动成因等沉积构造;b.以跳跃总体为主、悬浮总体不发育的粒度特征;c.典型的“似鲍玛序列”。风暴沉积物源来自于西部斜坡区的(扇)三角洲及滨浅湖滩坝沉积,按其沉积特征及与物源的关系,又可进一步分为原地风暴岩和异地风暴岩。     

Long-term variations in outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), convective available potential energy (CAPE) and temperature in the tropopause region over India

Relationship of outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) with convective available potential energy (CAPE) and temperature at the 100-hPa pressure level is examined using daily radiosonde data for a period 1980–2006 over Delhi (28.3°N, 77.1°E) and Kolkata (22.3°N, 88.2°E), and during 1989–2005 over Cochin (10°N, 77°E) and Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77.0°E), India. Correlation coefficient (R _xy) between monthly OLR and CAPE shows a significant (~???0.45) anti-correlation at Delhi and Kolkata suggesting low OLR associated with high convective activity during summer (seasonal variation). Though, no significant correlation was found between OLR and CAPE at Cochin and Trivandrum (low latitude region); analysis of OLR and temperature (at 100-hPa) association suggests that low OLR peaks appear corresponding to low temperature at Delhi (R _xy~ 0.30) and Kolkata (R _xy ~ 0.25) during summer. However, R _xy between OLR and temperature becomes opposite as we move towards low latitudes (~8°–10°N) due to strong solar cycle influence. Large scale components mainly ENSO and quasi-biennial oscillaton (QBO) that contributed to the 100-hPa temperature variability were also analyzed, which showed that ENSO variance is larger by a factor of two in comparison to QBO over Indian region. ENSO warm conditions cause warming at 100-hPa over Delhi and Darwin. However, due to strong QBO and solar signals in the equatorial region, ENSO signal seems less effective. QBO, ENSO, and solar cycle contribution in temperature are found location-dependent (latitudinal variability) responding in consonance with shifting in convective activity regime during El Niño, seasonal variability in the tropical easterly jet, and the solar irradiance.