青藏高原古高度重建方法研究进展

青藏高原隆升对亚洲及全球气候变化有着深刻的影响,因而地质时期青藏高原古高度定量化恢复对于理解高原隆升历史、隆升机制及其环境效应都具有非常重要的意义.通过近十余年的发展,反演高原古高度方法有了很大的发展,这些方法包括气泡法、古植物学、稳定同位素和陆地宇宙核素方法等,这些研究为恢复古高度提供了新的思路和手段.综述并简要介绍了这些方法的基本原理,同时讨论了应用各种方法的局限性,希望能进一步促进我国在高原古高度恢复方面的研究.     

基于WebGIS的内蒙古测绘成果目录信息发布系统的设计与实现

内蒙古测绘成果目录信息发布系统是基于自治区测绘成果目录数据库而建立的网络地理信息系统.本系统采用WebGIS技术,使用ArcGIS Server地图开发平台和Visual Studio.NET 2005开发环境,对自治区测绘成果目录信息准确、及时地进行发布,实现了远程用户对内蒙古测绘成果目录的查询检索、产品订购和数据咨询等服务,全面提升了自治区测绘成果分发服务的水平.     

日粮水平对周期性变温模式下刺参生长和能量收支的影响

变温对不同水生生物生长的影响有所不同,对部分种类具有明显的促进作用,而由于种类或温度设置等差异,研究结果各有差异.刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在生长和生理水平上对一定程度上的符合自然水域温度波动曲线的周期性变温具有积极响应,作者研究在2个变温平均温度(均温15,18 ℃),5个日粮水平(饥饿;0.3%初始体重;0.6%初始体重;0.9%初始体重;1.4%初始体重)下刺参幼参的生长、摄食和能量收支.结果表明,在饱食条件下,刺参在变温条件下生长率高于相应的恒温对照,(15±3) ℃下差异达到显著水平.在各日粮条件下,(15±3) ℃下刺参的生长率均高于(18±3) ℃下对应日粮组.随日粮水平的升高,食物吸收率(FI)和食物转化率(FCE)显著升高.食物转化率变温组均大于恒温处理组,且在均温15 ℃下变温组显著高于恒温组(P<0.05).在能量分配模式中呼吸能占比例最大,且随变温均温升高而显著增加,是造成不同温度下刺参生长率变化的主要因素之一.在(15±3) ℃和(18±3) ℃下,刺参以能量表示的维持日粮值分别为0.39%和0.51%,与相关资料报道的恒温状态下维持日粮相比,一定程度上的变温并不会提高刺参的维持代谢.     

基于能量法的大直径超长钢管桩溜桩问题分析

海洋桩平台采用大直径超长桩,由于桩、锤的重量很大,沉桩过程中经常发生溜桩现象。因此为了便于打桩控制,判断溜桩的范围是非常必要的。结合实际工程对溜桩的过程和发生机理进行了探讨;利用PCPT原位测量资料,基于能量法建立了判断溜桩范围的分析计算方法。针对南海油田典型的平台桩沉桩过程中的溜桩问题进行了分析计算,验证了所提出的方法的合理性,可供桩设计以及沉桩施工参考。     

秦皇岛市潮间带大型海藻的种类分析和季节演替

2017年2-11月,对河北省秦皇岛市山海关、海港和北戴河潮间带大型海藻的组成、分布和季节演替情况展开了调查研究工作。调查结果显示:此次共采集到隶属3门23属的41种大型海藻,其中红藻门13属20种,褐藻门7属9种,绿藻门3属12种,分别占总采集种数的48.78%,21.95%和29.27%;海港大型海藻种类最多为35种,其次是北戴河20种,山海关最少为19种,分别占总采集种数的85.37%,48.78%和46.34%;春季优势种类为长石莼(Ulva linza)、多管藻(Polysiphonia senticulosa)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、绳藻(Chorda filum)、酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)和海黍子(Sargassum muticum),夏季优势种类为长石莼、孔石莼(U.Pertusa)、刺松藻(Codium fragile)、海黍子、小石花菜(Gelidium divaricatum)、亚栉状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia subpectinata)和假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans),秋季优势种类为长石莼和裂片石莼(U. fasciata),冬季优势种类为长石莼。优势种类生物量测定结果表明,优势种类生物量在不同采样点、不同季节表现出明显差异,如海港春季的裙带菜生物量最大(4 110.8 g·m-2),绳藻的生物量最小(92.32 g·m-2)。     

面向地学计算的资源环境科学数据共享平台的设计

目前,在我国的资源环境科学领域中,数据、计算和服务等各种资源存在着共享少、冗余大、标准杂等问题。而信息技术的飞速发展给资源环境科学领域的信息技术基础--地理信息系统带来强大的技术支持。鉴于此,本文以中国科学院资源环境科学数据共享平台建设为例,系统地介绍面向地学科学计算的资源环境科学数据共享平台的设计以及所采用的关键技术--元数据标准/元数据数据库技术、XML/GML技术以及网络会议/多媒体技术等。     

Genetic variability of the Lessepsian migrant mussel Brachidontes pharaonis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Tunisia

The present study used two mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and COI) to assess the genetic diversity of a newly founded Lessepsian migrant mussel, Brachidontes pharaonis, in Tunisian waters. The species appears to be restricted to only one population in Rades Harbour, in the northern part of the country. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the monophyly of B. pharaonis in Tunisia. Both molecular markers revealed high genetic variability of the B. pharaonis population. Haplotype networks and demographic analyses confirmed the recent expansion events within this population. Multiple human-mediated introduction events involving several founder populations and intensive population growth rates are probably the main causes of the high polymorphism observed within this invasive mollusc.     

多极化SAR溢油探测影响因素分析研究

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR) oil spill detection parameters conformity coefficient(μ), Muller matrix parameters(|C|, B_0), the eigenvalues of simplified coherency matrix(λ_(nos)) and the influence of SAR observing parameters, ocean environment and noise level are investigated. Radarsat-2 data are used to make systematic analysis of polarimetric parameters for different incidences, wind speeds, noise levels and the ocean phenomena(oil slick and look likes). The influence of the SAR observing parameters, the ocean environment and the noise level on the typical polarimetric SAR parameter conformity coefficient has been analyzed. The results indicate that conformity coefficient cannot be simply used for oil spill detection, which represents the image signal to the noise level to some extent. When the signals are below the noise level for the oil slick and the look likes, the conformity coefficients are negative; while the signals above the noise level corresponds to positive conformity coefficients. For dark patches(low wind and biogenic slick) with the signal below the noise,polarization features such as conformity coefficient cannot separate them with oil slick. For the signal above the noise, the oil slick, the look likes(low wind and biogenic slick) and clean sea all have positive conformity coefficients, among which, the oil slick has the smallest conformity coefficient, the look likes the second, and the clean sea the largest value. For polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection, the noise plays a significant role. So the polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection should be carried out on the basis of noise consideration.     

黄海典型漂浮大型藻类光谱特征分析

利用实测高光谱和多光谱相机数据对在黄海海域采集的浒苔和马尾藻样本进行光谱特征分析。结果显示:漂浮大型藻类的高光谱反射率均值(Rmean_H)与多光谱反射率均值(Rmean_M)、高光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHH)与多光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHM)之间的相对误差小于15.6%,说明这两种数据具有较好的一致性;基于光谱特征波长的反射率建立比值光谱指数,其中浒苔和马尾藻的差异最为明显的是R640/R554指数;基于多光谱相机计算反射谷深度指数(T-depth),采用阈值法来区分浒苔和马尾藻,T-depth阈值的区分精度分别为69.6%±30.0%和69.6%±24.3%,稍优于虚拟基线漂浮藻类指数(VB-FAH)阈值的区分精度。     

Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.