利用层析成像的结果探讨安徽及邻区中强地震深部构造背景

利用层析成像的最新成果,对研究区(28°～39°N,112°～124°E)的中强地震深部构造环境进行了研究,结果表明:(1)研究区中强震位置、地表地质构造和活动构造单元的划分与上地壳速度结构之间存在一定的关联性。M≥6.0地震大多数分布在上地壳高速区与低速区的交接地带或高速区,低速区内的地震活动相对较少;分布在高速区的地震,主要活动在高速区内的速度变异地带。华北平原断块的边界带及其内部是研究区内主要的中强地震活动场所,该断块西、北部的裂陷盆地带在上地壳以间断的大片低速区为特征,在与高速区的交接地带,中强地震呈带状活动,并有活动断裂带的发育。北西向展布的周口-合肥-宣城低速条带分隔大别山、鲁西-安徽高速区,北侧与高速区的交接地带中强地震活动较为活跃,可能是华北、华南两大构造区在深部构造和现代活动构造上的一条重要分界线。(2)霍山-六安地区历史中强地震和近代小震活动频繁与东大别山中部在中地壳发育低速层及存在切穿地壳的两组深断裂有关。(3)安徽的中强地震活动在深部构造上分区特征明显,依据历史地震活动重演和发震构造条件(深部)类比的原则,对安徽未来存在发生5级左右地震的危险区进行了初步判定。     

2000年以来云南4次强降雪过程的对比分析

通过对2000年以来云南出现的4次强降雪过程进行分类对比分析和诊断分析, 结果表明:横槽型和北脊南槽型是4次强降雪的主要中高纬环流形势, 3次有南支槽配合, 1次无南支槽活动, 其中2次横槽型造成的强降雪范围广、强度大; 4次强降雪过程云南西侧都有充沛的水汽输送, 水汽通量增大 (即水汽的增加) 是云南强降雪的必备条件, 强降雪出现在较强水汽通量辐合区中, 且落区在辐合中心的偏东一侧、θ_se线陡立区附近以及暖湿不稳定区域; 强降雪在多普勒雷达上显示为20~30 dBz左右的层状云回波, 对流层中下层的高空冷暖平流和高空西南急流是有南支槽影响的强降雪天气的主要大尺度特征, 而低层偏东急流是无南支槽影响的强降雪的主要特征, 因此高低空急流的形成是强降雪的关键。     

The significance of imposex levels and TBT contamination in the red whelk, Neptunea antiqua (L.) from the offshore Irish Sea

The extent to which open seas and oceanic waters have been contaminated by TBT is unclear since most sampling programmes have concentrated on inshore areas, particularly near harbours. Accordingly, the red whelk, Neptunea antiqua L. (Mollusca: Prosobranchia), a sublittoral and dioecious prosobranch species, was selected to investigate the potential effects of TBT-induced imposex in the central western Irish Sea. The presence of imposex was noted in > 90% of all female whelks that were examined on a monthly basis over a 12-month period. However, the proliferation of the vas deferens was not considered severe enough to affect the reproductive capabilities of the population. Low concentrations of butyltins were detected in the soft tissues of all whelks examined, ranging from 0.009 to 0.112 microg g(-1) Sn dry wt There was no significant correlation between the documented imposex stages and total butyltin contamination, indicating that the species is not a reliable bioindicator species of the effects of this contaminant.     

Coral bleaching and mortality on artificial and natural reefs in Maldives in 1998, sea surface temperature anomalies and initial recovery

The bleaching and subsequent mortality of branching and massive corals on artificial and natural reefs in the central atolls of Maldives in 1998 are examined with respect to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. SST normally peaks in April-May in Maldives. The UK Meteorological Office's Global sea-Ice and SST data set version 2.3 b shows that in 1998 monthly mean SST was 1.2-4 S.D. above the 1950-1999 average during the warmest months (March-June), with the greatest anomaly in May of +2.1 degrees C. Bleaching was first reported in mid-April and was severe from late April to mid-May with some recovery evident by late-May. At least 98% of branching corals (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae) on artificial structures deployed on a reef flat in 1990 died whereas the majority of massive corals (Poritidae, Faviidae, Agariciidae) survived the bleaching. The pre-bleaching coral community on the artificial reefs in 1994 was 95% branching corals and 5% massives (n = 1589); the post-bleaching community was 3% branching corals and 97% massives (n = 248). Significant reductions in live coral cover were seen at all natural reefs surveyed in the central atolls, with average live coral cover decreasing from about 42% to 2%, a 20-fold reduction from pre-bleaching levels. A survey of recruitment of juvenile corals to the artificial structures 10 months after the bleaching event showed that 67% of recruits (> or = 0.5 cm diameter) were acroporids and pocilloporids and 33% were from massive families (n = 202) compared to 94% and 6%, respectively, in 1990-1994 (n = 3136). Similar post-bleaching dominance of recruitment by branching corals was seen on nearby natural reef (78% acroporids and pocilloporids; 22% massives). A linear regression of April mean monthly SST against year was highly significant (p < 0.001) and suggests a rise of 0.16 degree C per decade. If this trend continues, by 2030 mean April SST in the central atolls will normally exceed the anomaly level at which corals appear there are susceptible to mass bleaching.     

从卫星云图上分析塔克拉玛干沙漠的水迹

沙漠中心地区的气象状况,以前仅有一些来自探险者或勘探者的传闻.自从有了卫星云图以后,对塔里木盆地中心地区的云况、积雪、浮尘、风沙有了些宏观的了解,有些同志已作过一些分析.由于过去我区的卫星云图是低分辩率的apt图片,大气过程对下垫面的影响因图片的分辨率低而了解不清.去年以来,区气象台甚高分辩率云图的使用,使我们陆续发现了新的现象,最为突出的是沙漠腹地的水迹分布.     

五华河流域非点源污染风险区和风险路径识别

非点源污染是亟待解决的水环境问题之一,确定非点源污染过程中的潜在风险区和风险路径是解决非点源污染问题的关键。引入景观生态学中的最小累积阻力模型,以高污染负荷的耕地、建设用地为“源”,运用表示下垫面产流性质的地形湿度指数和CN值构建阻力面,对五华河流域的非点源污染高风险区和风险路径进行可视化识别和分析。结果显示：① 在下垫面产流作用下,五华河流域低产流区主要分布在流域西南部,高产流区呈“人”形贯穿全流域。② 最小累积阻力模型能够有效识别流域内非点源污染风险区和风险路径,五华河流域非点源污染高风险区分布于迥龙、田心、龙母、铁场、登云、通衢、鹤市、紫市、岐岭、华城、转水、潭下、水寨等地的河道两岸,以耕地为“源”的非点源污染风险路径与建设用地为“源”的非点源污染风险路径在空间分布上差异较大。③ 耕地对五华河水质的影响大于建设用地对五华河水质的影响,耕地中的富营养物质和沉积物更容易随地表径流进入受纳水体。④ 流域尺度上治理以耕地为“源”的非点源污染应在邻近耕地的河流两岸建立一定宽度的植被缓冲区,治理以建设用地为“源”的非点源污染宜围绕关键源区进行治理。本研究为非点源污染风险区和风险路径的识别提供一种新的思路,为进一步开展非点源污染治理提供理论依据。