应用EOS-MODIS卫星资料反演西北干旱绿洲的地表反照率

地表反照率是一个广泛应用于地表能量平衡、中长期天气预测和全球变化研究的重要参数, 作者应用EOS-MODIS卫星数据和目前发展的推算反照率比较完善的一种二向反射(BRDF)模型Ross Thick-Li Sparse R核算法(AMBRALS算法), 对西北干旱绿洲区非均匀分布的地表反照率进行反演与分析, 结果表明, 应用该方法反演的地表参数与实际观测值基本接近.敦煌戈壁站的反演值与观测值的春、夏、秋季绝对误差最大为0.019, 冬季为0.051, 黑河绿洲实验站的反演值较观测值低0.019; 绿洲、绿洲     

隧道穿越既有区间的安全措施与预警分析

新建地铁与既有地铁线路交叉穿越属于高风险工况,当新建隧道近距离穿越既有隧道时,会使既有隧道结构应力状态发生改变,结构产生变形,因此,对穿越既有区间隧道制定有效的安全保障措施十分必要。系统归纳南京地铁在建线路穿越既有运营线路的相关安全保障经验,即当上穿工况时,采取强化外部条件、内部条件和应急响应的保障措施,同时结合数值分析得出MJS门式加固对既有隧道保护作用明显;当下穿工况时,采取增强既有隧道洞内和洞外刚度、配置试验段和运营配合保障措施,同时结合数值分析发现既有隧道洞内环向+纵向加固对既有隧道保护作用显著,且当在距离掘进面20 m范围内,既有隧道沉降、水平位移变化速率最大。最后结合工程实践过程中既有区间预警情况,分析相关原因,为类似工程提供警示和参考。     

胶东半岛中低温对流型地热资源赋存机理及找热模型

胶东半岛虽赋存有丰富的中低温地热资源,但由于目前对其地热资源赋存机理仍缺乏较深入的研究,在地热勘探的过程中出现了大量的“有热无水”或“有水无热”的情况,如何准确寻找地热资源仍是一大难题。本文通过胶东15处地热田的地热地质调查、控热导水构造分析、地热井测温及以往地热钻孔资料分析等对胶东半岛地热资源赋存机理进行综合分析研究,同时用胶东12处人工地热深井对所得出的结论进行验证,发现胶东半岛地热资源主要赋存在NE向断裂上盘与NW向断裂上盘相交呈“V”型的区域内,断裂下盘区域则无地热水分布;受NE向与NW向断裂构造的控制影响,地热田热储形态均为不规则的柱状形态,其地温场形态受控于热储空间形态及地热流体流场控制而呈“几”字型分布。同时通过胶东勘探成功的地热深井地热地质特征、赋存条件分析,验证该赋存机理的正确性,明确了胶东地区深部地热资源赋存机理,提出“V”型构造控热导水找热模型,为下一步胶东半岛深部地热资源勘探提供理论依据。     

一种基于全液压动力头钻机的钻进参数检测方法

针对与深孔钻机相配套的钻进参数检测仪(钻参仪)滞后发展的问题,提出一种适合全液压动力头钻机的全面钻进参数检测方法,并对钻具悬重、钻压、功率、扭矩、孔深、机械钻速、流量等主要钻进参数的检测机理进行了阐述。利用此方法,开发出了一套全液压动力头钻机高精度钻参仪系统,野外应用表明,提出的检测方法切实可行。      

两种白刺叶片及沙堆土壤化学计量学特征的比较

在植物叶片氮、磷化学计量学研究中,氮磷比常作为判断土壤养分限制性的指标,其适用范围从海洋、湖泊等水生生态系统扩展到陆地生态系统。以生长在民勤绿洲的毛瓣白刺(Nitraria praevisa)和唐古特白刺(N. tangutorun)为研究对象,分别测定叶片N、P含量以及沙堆各层土壤有机质、N、P含量,以探讨两种白刺叶片及其沙堆土壤化学计量学特征的关系。研究结果表明:①白刺叶片的N、P含量之间存在显著的正相关关系;②两种白刺沙堆各项土壤养分指标差异极显著(P<0.01);③毛瓣白刺沙堆土壤的N含量在0～20 cm土层存在富集现象,唐古特白刺沙堆土壤的有机质、N、P含量在20～40 cm土层存在富集现象;④在水分为最主要的限制性因子的荒漠生态系统中,能否以叶片N∶P作为判定营养元素限制性的标准,值得进一步探讨。     

Ecological status assessment in the lower Eo estuary (Spain). The challenge of habitat heterogeneity integration: a benthic perspective

The implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires evaluation of the ecological status (ES) of benthic communities in coastal and transitional water systems, and the intercalibration of assessment methodologies therefore becomes a research challenge. Our aim was to test the suitability of applying the M-AMBI index to assess the status of the Eo estuary (northern coast of Spain). Our results showed that M-AMBI was influenced by the natural variability of benthic communities, and presented an apparent dependence on habitat characteristics. Consequently, the definition of homogeneous areas in transitional water systems should be based on the salinity gradient combined with other factors. To achieve an accurate ES assessment, habitat-specific reference conditions should then be defined prior to the application of M-AMBI; this necessitates dividing an estuary into several sections, which may be classified as different ESs. From this perspective, a novel approach to integrate habitat heterogeneity in a global ES assessment was tested.     

Navy sonar and cetaceans: just how much does the gun need to smoke before we act?

Cetacean mass stranding events associated with naval mid-frequency sonar use have raised considerable conservation concerns. These strandings have mostly involved beaked whales, with common pathologies, including "bubble lesions" similar to decompression sickness symptoms and acoustic traumas. However, other cetacean species have also stranded coincident with naval exercises. Possible mechanisms for the strandings include a behavioral response that causes deep divers to alter their diving behavior, which then results in decompression sickness-like impacts. Current mitigation measures during military exercises are focused on preventing auditory damage (hearing loss), but there are significant flaws with this approach. Behavioral responses, which occur at lower sound levels than those that cause hearing loss, may be more critical. Thus, mitigation measures should be revised. A growing number of international bodies recognize this issue and have urged increasing scrutiny of sound-producing activities, but many national jurisdictions have resisted calls for increased protection.     

航天遥感多源数据的复合信息及其应用研究--以黄河口为例

阐述了遥感多源信息复合的理论与技术依据,指出TM与SAR影像复合可实现优点的合成,旨在丰富地物的特征信息,提高目标分类精度,特别是有利于对滨海动态的监测与新生地貌体所关联的泥沙输移和海洋动力作用等隐伏信息,并以近期黄河口沙嘴演变的遥感影像作为例证.     

准东煤田西山窑组层序地层对煤相演化规律的控制

运用层序地层原理,通过岩心和测井资料的综合分析,对新疆准东煤田西黑山勘查区西山窑组进行了层序地层研究,识别出3个体系域-）-低位、湖扩和高位体系域,并进一步进行了高频层序单元的划分。在层序地层格架的约束下,分析了西山窑组沉积体系的配置关系,识别出辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系,进而细分为4个亚相和8个微相类型。同时,对煤岩样品进行了煤质分析和显微组分定量统计,确定了研究区煤相类型主要为潮湿森林沼泽相和干燥森林沼泽相。该区煤相的垂向演化规律受湖平面升降变化所控制,而湖平面的升降受层序地层格架的约束,在不同体系域中湖平面的变化控制泥炭沼泽的发育,从而决定了煤质煤相的演化规律。      

Remote sensing retrieval of total absorption coefficient in the Bohai Sea

Temporal and spatial patterns of inherent optical properties in the Bohai Sea are very complex.In this paper,we used 77 groups of field data of AOPs(apparent optical properties) and IOPs(inherent optical properties) collected in June,August,and September of 2005 in the Bohai Sea,to retrieve the spectral total absorption coefficient a(λ) with the quasi-analytical algorithm(QAA).For QAA implementation,different bands in the region 680-730 nm(in 5 nm intervals) were selected and compared,to determine the optimal band domain of the reference wavelength.On this basis,we proposed a new algorithm(QAA-Com),a combination of QAA-685 and QAA-715,according to turbidity characterized by a(440).The percentage difference of model retrievals in the visible domain was between 4.5%-45.1%,in average of 18.8% for a(λ).The QAA model was then applied to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MERIS) radiometric products,which were temporally and spatially matched with in-situ optical measurements.Differences between MERIS retrievals and in-situ values were in the range 9.2%-27.8% for a(λ) in the visible domain.Major errors in satellite retrieval are attributable to uncertainties of QAA model parameters and in-situ measurements,as well as imperfect atmospheric correction of MERIS data by the European Space Agency(ESA).During a storm surge in April 2009,time series of MERIS images together with the QAA model were used to analyze spatial and temporal variability of the total absorption coefficient pattern in the Bohai Sea.It is necessary to collect more independent field data to improve this algorithm.