应用遗传算法评估HY-1A CCD反演二类水体组分的能力

应用一种基于遗传算法的二类水体水色反演算法,评估了HY-1A CCD反演水体组分浓度的能力.算法采用了三组分(叶绿素、悬浮物质和黄色物质)海水光学模型作为前向模型,以二进制编码遗传算法作为优化方法.通过多次反演试验,讨论了遗传算法参数对反演结果的影响;通过构造不同目标函数,讨论了目标函数对反演结果的影响;通过波段平均前后的数据模拟反演,分析了HY-1A CCD的波段平均对水色反演的影响;分析了该水色优化反演算法的浓度范围适用性;最后分析了该算法对输入数据误差的敏感性.模拟反演表明,HY-1A CCD可以用于进行二类水体水色反演,特别是在悬浮物质反演方面,该传感器优势明显.     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹种群的年龄结构和生长特性

蓝圆鲹[Decapterus maruadsi(Temminck & Schlegel)]属暖温性中上层鱼类,是闽南-台湾浅滩渔场机帆船灯光围网的主要捕捞对象,也是机帆船底拖网的重要渔获。为探讨本区蓝圆鲹种群结构的资源特点及其数量动态,我们对其种群年龄结构和生长特性进行了分析,从而为制定蓝圆鲹繁殖保护措施以及多种类渔业管理提供依据。一、材料和方法1982年2月至1983年12月,从厦门市海洋渔捞公社灯光围网机帆船的渔获物中,周年逐月收集本区蓝圆鲹的幼鱼和成鱼样本578尾,经生物学测定后,自鱼体左右侧第Ⅴ     

The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front

Here we argue that life emerged on Earth from a redox and pH front at c. 4.2 Ga. This front occurred where hot (c. 150 degrees C), extremely reduced, alkaline, bisulphide-bearing, submarine seepage waters interfaced with the acid, warm (c. 90 degrees C), iron-hearing Hadean ocean. The low pH of the ocean was imparted by the ten bars of CO2 considered to dominate the Hadean atmosphere/hydrosphere. Disequilibrium between the two solutions was maintained by the spontaneous precipitation of a colloidal FeS membrane. Iron monosulphide bubbles comprising this membrane were inflated by the hydrothermal solution upon sulphide mounds at the seepage sites. Our hypothesis is that the FeS membrane, laced with nickel, acted as a semipermeable catalytic boundary between the two fluids, encouraging synthesis of organic anions by hydrogenation and carboxylation of hydrothermal organic primers. The ocean provided carbonate, phosphate, iron, nickel and protons; the hydrothermal solution was the source of ammonia, acetate, HS-, H2 and tungsten, as well as minor concentrations of organic sulphides and perhaps cyanide and acetaldehyde. The mean redox potential (delta Eh) across the membrane, with the energy to drive synthesis, would have approximated to 300 millivolts. The generation of organic anions would have led to an increase in osmotic pressure within the FeS bubbles. Thus osmotic pressure could take over from hydraulic pressure as the driving force for distension, budding and reproduction of the bubbles. Condensation of the organic molecules to polymers, particularly organic sulphides, was driven by pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Regeneration of pyrophosphate from the monophosphate in the membrane was facilitated by protons contributed from the Hadean ocean. This was the first use by a metabolizing system of protonmotive force (driven by natural delta pH) which also would have amounted to c. 300 millivolts. Protonmotive force is the universal energy transduction mechanism of life. Taken together with the redox potential across the membrane, the total electrochemical and chemical energy available for protometabolism amounted to a continuous supply at more than half a volt. The role of the iron sulphide membrane in keeping the two solutions separated was appropriated by the newly synthesized organic sulphide polymers. This organic take-over of the membrane material led to the miniaturization of the metabolizing system. Information systems to govern replication could have developed penecontemporaneously in this same milieu. But iron, sulphur and phosphate, inorganic components of earliest life, continued to be involved in metabolism.     

基于遥感-生态过程的绿洲-荒漠生态系统净初级生产力估算

针对干旱区特有的气候-植被特征,利用卫星遥感混合像元分解技术对干旱区植被进行了光合作用植被和非光合作用植被区分和组分解析,尝试通过对于旱覆被植被灌层结构进行解析而解决因植被光能吸收的估算问题,并参考国际上遥感-生态模型GLO-PEM和CASA,借助遥感生态反演的物理分析,初步构建起基于遥感与生态过程的干旱区适用的光能利用率模型NPP-PEM,并以ERDAS IMAGINE为平台,实现了模型可视化模型界面,可用于中国西部干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠生态系统年净第一性生产力的估算.由于考虑了干旱植被生理特征和灌层结构的光能利用模型,模拟结构与原理更加合理完善,为引入其他生态模型应用或移植到干旱区提供借鉴,从而为中国干旱区陆地生态系统碳循环研究开辟了途径.     

安徽霍山地区地震构造习性研究的新进展

1霍山盆地上覆第四系中变形现象 霍山盆地为一长80 km、宽4～8 km的长条形宽谷盆地,谷盆两侧的地貌反差明显.盆地底部主要由与两侧古老变质岩系截然不同的侏罗纪晚期的火山岩及凝灰质火山角砾岩所组成,不同成因类型的第四纪沉积不整合地覆盖其上,其间缺失白垩纪和第三纪地层.盆地中多处发现第四纪地层被断裂错开的现象.     

安徽历史地震等震线长轴方位分布及地震地质意义

统计了安徽地区历史地震等震线长轴方位分布，主要有北东、北北东、北西和近东西向4组，它们与震中区及其附近的新生代活动断裂的走向有较好的一致性，大致反映了安徽各地的发震构造及破裂方位。其中北东、北西向断裂活动时间最新，多与地震活动相关，而北东向活动断裂是研究地区主要的地震构造。从构造地貌、断裂活动、遥感解译活动线性构造和中强地震活动的相互印证关系来看，大别山北麓、皖东北地区是安徽现代构造和中强地震活动较为强烈的地区，其中，皖东北地区未来发生中强地震的危险性较大。     

沙尘天气成因分析与预报

针对黑龙江省近两年发生的几次沙尘天气进行分析，结合其频发原因，沙源路径及物理机制找出黑龙江省沙尘天气出现的预报着眼点及预报方法。     

航空摄影区域可视化软件的设计与实现

介绍了航空摄影区域可视化的设计与实现过程,解决了摄影区域内航片预览、航线划分及有关信息查询等软件的实际问题.实现过程采用了高级软件编程平台VC++6.0及可视化技术,经实用测试达到了设计目标.文中重点陈述了软件的实现步骤、关键技术及特殊情况的解决方案.     

中国西南地区地震活动数值模拟的初步研究

初步建立了西南地区有限元动力学模型。讨论了由于地震发生产生的应力变化对西南地区整个系统的应力调整情况，初步结果表明，许多强震发生在应力增强区。