淡水湖泊沉积物中有机硫的固定作用及C／S比值的意义

本文通过取自阿尔卑斯山边湖泊（苏黎世湖和日内瓦湖）的两个沉积柱的对比分析，阐明了硫在淡水沉积物中的固着途径。尽管这两个湖泊中湖水硫酸盐浓度相差三位以上，但固定在沉积物中的硫含量是相等的。沉积硫的最大深度达１％（干重），与现代近海岸相沉积物的硫含量相似。也表现在Ｃ有机／Ｓ总比值上，该比值较低，为２．５－８。对硫储体的分析表明，有机硫化合物是沉积硫的主要成分，在苏黎世湖和日内瓦湖中分别占总数的８０％和     

简化的中纬度冬季环流耦合模式中的大尺度海气相互作用

用包括有天气尺度大气变率、海温（ＳＳＴ）平流和海气热交换的简化耦合模式的模拟结果研究了中纬度海气相互作用问题。研究发现将模式ＳＳＴ的强暖型事件合成对显示海洋强迫大气迹象是有用的。还提供了海洋影响大气的其他证据，即海洋平流似乎通过反馈效应增强了模式ＳＳＴ异常的持续性。     

青甘宁交界一带6级地震活动特征

本文主要从地震活动性角度选用青甘宁交界一带6级以上地震,研究了该三角区内地震时、空、强分布,b值以及与邻区地震相呼应等地震活动特征。表明该区存在4个地震活跃段,存在NNE及NWW两条近于正交的地震活动条带,7级和8级地震沿条带迁移的规律。此外,还揭示了b值低及各个地震活动时段b值变化不大是该区最突出的特点。从而有助于我们认识该区地震活动的发展趋势。     

华北地区地震活动度的研究

本文在广泛收集、整理华北地区地震目录资料的基础上,应用地震活动度S定量地描述地震活动性的方法,通过S值时空扫描,给出了华北地区地震活动性的时空分布图像及其特征。还重点分析了唐山地震前后S值的时空分布现象。我们认为,用地震活动度定量地描述某时空域上的地震活动性的方法是可行的。同时还应在实践中逐步完善。     

Exploring the use of caged Nucella lapillus to monitor changes to TBT hotspot areas: a trial in the River Tyne estuary (UK)

Caged dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) were placed in situ at sites along the River Tyne (UK) in order to investigate the potential for monitoring any change in tributyltin (TBT) mediated effects. After 6 months the development of imposex was investigated in the dogwhelks and concentrations of TBT were determined in the whole tissues of both species. Sites within the estuary showed a high degree of imposex, whilst those at sites North and South of the estuary mouth exhibited significantly lower induction. Concentrations of TBT measured in the dogwhelk and mussel tissues showed the same pattern. The success of the caging technique, occurrence of imposex at other UK sites and the need for further monitoring at TBT impacted locations in the light of current international controls on the use of TBT-based antifouling paints on sea-going vessels are discussed.     

Exploring suitability for tropical crop cultivation in Hainan Island by SOTAL methodology

1 Introduction Land degradation is a major threat to environmental and agricultural quality of land[1] and is directly related to food security issues. An instrument for decision-makers to plan or stimulate allocation of land to users that can be sustained and are economically viable and socially acceptable. Different kinds of land are unequally suited to various uses. Land evaluation is the assessment of the suitability of a tract of land for a specified kind of use and it provides objective…     

The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front

Here we argue that life emerged on Earth from a redox and pH front at c. 4.2 Ga. This front occurred where hot (c. 150 degrees C), extremely reduced, alkaline, bisulphide-bearing, submarine seepage waters interfaced with the acid, warm (c. 90 degrees C), iron-hearing Hadean ocean. The low pH of the ocean was imparted by the ten bars of CO2 considered to dominate the Hadean atmosphere/hydrosphere. Disequilibrium between the two solutions was maintained by the spontaneous precipitation of a colloidal FeS membrane. Iron monosulphide bubbles comprising this membrane were inflated by the hydrothermal solution upon sulphide mounds at the seepage sites. Our hypothesis is that the FeS membrane, laced with nickel, acted as a semipermeable catalytic boundary between the two fluids, encouraging synthesis of organic anions by hydrogenation and carboxylation of hydrothermal organic primers. The ocean provided carbonate, phosphate, iron, nickel and protons; the hydrothermal solution was the source of ammonia, acetate, HS-, H2 and tungsten, as well as minor concentrations of organic sulphides and perhaps cyanide and acetaldehyde. The mean redox potential (delta Eh) across the membrane, with the energy to drive synthesis, would have approximated to 300 millivolts. The generation of organic anions would have led to an increase in osmotic pressure within the FeS bubbles. Thus osmotic pressure could take over from hydraulic pressure as the driving force for distension, budding and reproduction of the bubbles. Condensation of the organic molecules to polymers, particularly organic sulphides, was driven by pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Regeneration of pyrophosphate from the monophosphate in the membrane was facilitated by protons contributed from the Hadean ocean. This was the first use by a metabolizing system of protonmotive force (driven by natural delta pH) which also would have amounted to c. 300 millivolts. Protonmotive force is the universal energy transduction mechanism of life. Taken together with the redox potential across the membrane, the total electrochemical and chemical energy available for protometabolism amounted to a continuous supply at more than half a volt. The role of the iron sulphide membrane in keeping the two solutions separated was appropriated by the newly synthesized organic sulphide polymers. This organic take-over of the membrane material led to the miniaturization of the metabolizing system. Information systems to govern replication could have developed penecontemporaneously in this same milieu. But iron, sulphur and phosphate, inorganic components of earliest life, continued to be involved in metabolism.