用计算地球科学研究方法探讨地质现象的动力学机制——以断层中等距成矿分布为例

主要目的是系统地提出与近年来发展起来的计算地球科学新兴学科相关的研究方法．以强透水性三维断层中矿床等距分布为例,探讨应用计算地球科学研究方法揭示已观察到地质现象的动力学机制．有关结果表明：（1）孔隙介质中流体对流是强透水性三维断层中矿床等距性分布的主要动力学机制．（2）计算地球科学研究方法的主要特征是把传统地学中常用的经验性描述方法变革为以基本科学原理为基础的定量化科学研究方法,为深入探讨地质现象的动力学机制提供了一种现代化科学研究工具．     

Esterase activities in the bivalve mollusc Adamussium colbecki as a biomarker for pollution monitoring in the Antarctic marine environment

Marine environments are continuously being threatened by a large number of xenobiotics from anthropogenic sources. Even in sparsely populated and relatively pristine areas, such as Antarctica, hazardous chemicals can pose a serious environmental problem. The main aims of the present study were to (1) validate and optimize an analytical technique utilizing a microtitre-plate photometer to ascertain background levels of esterase activities in the Antarctic bivalve Adamussium colbecki, (2) carry out in situ monitoring of esterase activities to assess any potential environmental impacts of the Italian Scientific Antarctic Base "Terra Nova Bay" on the surrounding marine area. Results showed the presence of organophosphorous-sensitive cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities in the gills of A. colbecki and optimal assay conditions were comparable with those found for bivalve species from temperate areas. A higher sensitivity of ChE versus acetylthiocholine activity in A. colbecki to chlorpyrifos compared to species from temperate areas may also be inferred. The in situ study indicated no differences in the environmental quality of the three study sites located around the Italian Base.     

用依巴谷星表归算光电等高仪Ⅰ型在伊尔库茨克的观测

陕西天文台 (CSAO)和俄罗斯东西伯利亚物理技术和无线电工程测量研究所(VSNIIFTRI)之间进行的等高仪合作观测研究已进行了三年多 ,到 1 999年上半年完成了两部纲要的观测 ,获得了两部无赤纬盲区的等高仪星表。主要介绍两部纲要的观测精度 (相对依巴谷星表系统 )、星位改正精度和某些系统误差的分析。从各个方面来看 ,都达到了预期的合作目标。     

以新农村建设为契机提高解决农村土地纠纷的调控能力

党的十六届五中全会提出,建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化建设进程中的重大历史任务.中央一号文件明确规定,新农村建设包括"生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主"五个方面,并要求"以人为本,从农民最希望、最迫切要求解决的那些生产生活中现实问题入手".     

准噶尔中南部沙尘暴源区地表沉积物粒度特征

对准噶尔中南部沙尘暴源区——艾比湖地区、克拉玛依农业开发区和古尔班通古特沙漠地表沉积物粒度组成、传统粒度参数及分维值进行了分析计算,结果表明:艾比湖流域及克拉玛依开发区广泛分布的沙质、粘土质、盐土荒漠区,特别是春季翻耕的大面积裸露农田地表物质含有大量小于0.063mm的粉砂和粘土,且粒度分维值较高,是沙尘暴的丰富物源。古尔班通古特沙漠风成沙粒径较粗,分维值较低,加之较好的植被状况,沙尘暴发生频数相对较低。粒度参数C-M图、M_z-S₀散点图和粒度分维值可以有效地表征地表松散物质的搬运-沉积特征,是描述沙尘暴发生地表条件的重要指标。     

中亚水资源及其农业利用

中亚水资源分为地表水和地下水。地表水又分为由季节性积雪和冰川补给的河流,由地下水补给的河流以及湖泊和灌溉渠网等组成的。地下水则可分为自由水、裂隙水、层间水、承压水或自流水。地表水在中亚农业生产中起着极重要的作用。中亚河流网的特点是没有注入大洋的径流,大部分河流属咸海流域,部分注入伊塞克湖     

中全新世南极东部埃默里冰架后退:来自沉积物岩心的证据

漂浮的冰架是气候变化的敏感指示物(Mercer,1978)。海洋的轻微变暖现象可以有效地减少冰架的体积。过去和现在建立的漂浮冰架下面的环流模式对于了解全球变暖对现今冰架的作用以及对全球海洋环流和气候的后期效应是至关重要的信息。     

Proton production in relativistic heavy ion collisions; comparison with a thermodynamical model

Experimental results concerning proton production in nuclear collisions, obtained at Saturne with the Diogene 4 pi facility, are compared with the predictions of a thermodynamical model, using collective velocity distributions combined with a statistical thermodynamics in local rest frames. Experimental differential cross sections for alpha + nucleus and Neon + nucleus central collisions at incident energies between 200 and 800 MeV per nucleon are well reproduced by the model, for an angular range 30-110 degrees in the laboratory system. Extracted values of the temperatures are compared with those given by other authors.     

Quantum Instability of Magnetized Stellar Objects

The equations of state for degenerate electron and neutron gases are studied in the presence of magnetic fields. After including quantum effects in the investigation of the structural properties of these systems, it is found that some hypermagnetized stars can be unstable according to the criterion of stability of pressures. Highly magnetized white dwarfs should collapse producing a supernova type Ia, while superstrong magnetized neutron stars cannot stand their own magnetic field and must implode, too. A comparison of our results with a set of the available observational data of some compact stars is also presented, and the agreement between this theory and observations is verified.