百万分之一中国地質图的編图方法問題和要求

我們知识的每个領域在其一定的发展阶段上都要經历一个实际资料极为丰富的时朋,把这些資料按照严整的科学体系加以总结就是更新、更大的跃进基础。中国人民从三大敌人的压迫下解放出来以后在国民經济、科学各个方面,尤其是地质方面实現了一个     

关于估量河流供水量变化的問題

关于河流供水量的多年变化問題,很多研究者都做过研究。而且,由于沒有估量年徑流量变化的成因分析方法,而几乎迫使所有研究者不得不应用概率理論来解决这一問題。但是这个理論只可能估算徑流量变化范圍及不同数值的流量出现的概率,而并沒有提供定出被研究现象在年序中的情况的可能性。为了对于河流年徑流量变化的特点,这种变化按年代次序演变的情况以及几条河流供水量变化过程同时发生的情况等等問題,获得比較明确的概念,到目     

鑽粒鑽頭的正確結構

使用能够在长时期鑽进中继续保持有效地尅取的正确结构的鑽头,是提高鑽粒鑽进生产效率的方法之一。现在所使用的鑽粒鑽头(ГОСТ6250-52)的主要缺点为:鑽头底部工作面积在鑽进中不断地增加和鑽头壁的厚度不够。这些缺点在很大程度上使得在使用这种类型鑽头鑽进时的囘次进尺较短。同时,由于鑽孔延深的缘故,增加每次囘次鑽进时间的问题在目前就更有重大的意义。     

徑流站工作大綱

索科洛夫斯基和斯品格列尔二氏的“经流站工作大纲”發表于1946年,即战后苏联瓦尔达依水文科学研究实驗站开始大規模重建的第一年。其后,通过徑流实验工作的实践,累積了丰富的經验,苏联国立水文研究所复于1954年制定了“徑流站須知”一書,(周曾盛译,水利出版社出版)作为規范性指導文件?容^起來,“大綱”与“須知”在基本精神上,没有什么不同,但在工作要求上,前者较低,同时也比較灵活一些。例如:“大綱中”將徑流站按工作簡繁分作了兩种类型,并对其中一些较复杂的观测項目(土壤蒸發、入渗等)建议在徑流站开始工作后的第三年才开始進行观测。虽然这些比较灵活的規定,在“須知”中已經不見了,但它对于正在开始進行徑流实验工作的我国的当前情况來說,仍具有一定的指導意义?侍乜赜诖?以供参考。     

快速分析法及其研究方向

在過去西西伯利亞地質局中心試驗室的第五次方法討論會上就提出了擬定新的和改進舊有的快速化學分析法,現在又重擬定和審查了下列快速法。鍚 應用碘量法滴定二价的錫來測定鍚。銅、钼、砷或锑量的含量低於0.5～1％時,不干擾測定。鎢的含量大於4～5％時,它就要析出來,或者呈膠凝體狀態而和矽酸在一起,或者為金属鋁還原到低價氧化物。試樣用過氧化鈉或者用氫氧化鈉和金屬鈉熔融,該法經極譜法驗證得出十分滿意的分析結果。 銅 早在1952年我們就擬定了用在實驗室中測定銅的焦磷酸塊—碘量法分析過程与氟—碘塊基性醋酸塊測定銅的方法相似,但氟化銨為焦磷酸鈉所代替,銅的滴定則在滲液的PH為3～3.5時進行之。     

克拉索夫斯基参考椭圆体与大地测量学的新发展

Ф.Н.克拉索夫斯基求定地球椭圆体原子的工作,标志了苏联在大地测量科学领域内的巨大成就。     

A First Comparison of the Surface Brightness Fluctuation Survey Distances with the Galaxy Density Field: Implications for H0 and Omega

We compare the peculiar velocities measured in the surface brightness fluctuation survey of galaxy distances with the predictions from the density fields of the IRAS 1.2 Jy flux-limited redshift survey and the optical redshift survey (ORS) to derive simultaneous constraints on the Hubble constant H0 and the density parameter beta=Omega0.6&solm0;b, where b is the linear bias. We find that betaI=0.42+0.10-0.06 and betaO=0.26+/-0.08 for the IRAS and ORS comparisons, respectively, and that H0=74+/-4 km s-1 Mpc (with an additional 9% uncertainty due to the Cepheids themselves). The match between predicted and observed peculiar velocities is good for these values of H0 and beta, and although there is covariance between the two parameters, our results clearly point toward low-density cosmologies. Thus, the unresolved discrepancy between the "velocity-velocity" and "density-density" measurements of beta continues.     

电子计算机在储量计算中的应用

在电子计算机上按常规的方法计算储量,比手工操作的效率要高得多.除此以外,由于采用了电子计算机,还形成了一种新的"矿量动态平衡法(mineralization inventory)",这是手工操作所难于做到的.如果使用得当,"矿量动态平衡法"不但能准确地完成常规方法的全部工作,而且还可以同时算出矿山生产成本和作出全面的资源评价.我们知道,适当的矿石工业品位指标只有在估算了生产成本之后才能选定,     

The possible influences of the increasing anthropogenic emissions in India on tropospheric ozone and OH

A 3-D chemical transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the influences of the increasing anthropogenic emission in India. The model is capable of reproducing the observational results of the INDOEX experiment and the measurements in summer over India well. The model results show that when NOx and CO emissions in India are doubled, ozone concentration increases, and global average OH decreases a little. Under the effects of the Indian summer monsoon, NOx and CO in India are efficiently transported into the middle and upper troposphere by the upward current and the convective activities so that the NOx, CO, and ozone in the middle and upper troposphere significantly increase with the increasing NOx and CO emissions. These increases extensively influence a part of Asia, Africa, and Europe, and persist from June to September.     

Transport of three herbicides in ground water at Twin Lake test site,Chalk River,Ontario, Canada

A field tracer test performed under natural flow conditions at the Twin Lake test site, Chalk River Laboratories of the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. in Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, using tritium and three herbicides (Chlortoluron, Terbuthylazine, and Pendimethalin) was interpreted using the dispersion equation with a combined reaction model. The reaction model couples an instantaneous equilibrium reaction governed by a linear adsorption isotherm with a reversible or irreversible kinetic reaction of the first order, and decay. An improved interpretation method consists of a simultaneous fitting of theoretical concentration and mass-recovery curves to the experimental data, which leads to a more reliable determining of reaction models and improves the accuracy of fitting. Tritium served as the reference tracer to determine the flow velocity, dispersivity, and the recovery of the herbicides. Chlortoluron was slightly delayed by equilibrium exchange with strongly reduced concentration due to an irreversible kinetic reaction and/or decay. Terbuthilazine was slightly delayed by equilibrium exchange, with strongly reduced concentration due to a reversible kinetic reaction with some influence of decay. A strong equilibrium reaction and a strong reversible kinetic reaction without degradation governed the transport of Pendimethalin, reducing considerably its concentration. The results obtained show that simulations based only on Kd and decay constant, especially if these parameters are found in the laboratory, may considerably differ from those performed with reaction parameters determined in properly performed field tests. The dominant reaction types, and the values of parameters found in the study, supply useful information on the transport of the investigated herbicides in sandy aquifers under natural flow conditions.