多时刻台风Bogus资料同化对台风"天鹅"的影响

基于GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Predition System)三维变分同化系统,设计在6小时内分别应用三小时一次和逐小时的台风定位和定强信息对台风进行多次BDA(Bogus Data Assimilation)同化,在多次BDA中只同化近似程度高的涡旋风分量而近似...     

热带西南季风对0214号热带气旋“黄蜂”的影响

采用中国数值预报创新基地最新开发的三维变分同化系统(Grapes 3DVAR)的分析场为模式初值场,利用广州热带海洋气象研究所开发的南海热带气旋业务预报模式,在模拟试验(控制试验)的基础上,对强、弱热带西南季风作对比试验(异常试验)研究.试验结果表明除环境引导气流外,"黄蜂"偏心结构变化引起的偏心运动变化对热带气旋移向、移速的变化起了一定的作用;西南季风对热带气旋"黄蜂"的动力结构、热力结构和移动路径都有一定的影响;热带西南季风通过改变热带气旋的不对称结构和削弱副热带高压西侧这两个途径,造成热带气旋路径右偏.     

THE STRUCTURE OF TROPICAL CYCLONE BY TOVS AND ITS APPLICATION IN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION

The TOVS data are used to study the structure of a number of tropical cyclones for the year 2000. Differences are found to some extent between what is found and classic conceptual models in that (1) the horizontal structure is asymmetric and variable so that the low-value centers at low levels of the geopotential height field (or the high-value centers at high levels) do not necessarily coincide with the high-value centers of the temperature field; (2) the vertical structure is also variable in the allocation of the anomalies of the geopotential height field between low values at low levels and high values at high levels. It is especially noted that the centers of the anomalies are tilting at both high and low levels or the high level is only at the edge of a high-pressure zone. There is not any significant high-value anomalous center in a corresponding location with the tropical cyclone. The structure of tropical cyclone in the TOVS is also used as reference to modify the structure of typhoon BOGUS in the numerical prediction model system of tropical cyclones. It is found that the modified BOGUS performs better in coordinating with the environment and predicting the track of the tropical cyclone. The demonstration is two-fold — the structure of the typhoon BOGUS is such that it means much in the track prediction and the use of the TOVS-based tropical cyclone structure really helps in improving it. It provides the foundation for modification and evolution of typhoon BOGUS.     

THE EFFECT OF SAMPLE OPTIMIZATION ON THE ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER IN FORECASTING TYPHOON RAMMASUN (2014)

In a limited number of ensembles, some samples do not adequately reflect the true atmospheric state and can in turn affect forecast performance. This study explored the feasibility of sample optimization using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for a simulation of the 2014 Super Typhoon Rammasun, which made landfall in southern China in July 2014. Under the premise of sufficient ensemble spread, keeping samples with a good fit to observations and eliminating those with poor fit can affect the performance of EnKF. In the sample optimization, states were selected based on the sample spatial correlation between the ensemble state and observations. The method discarded ensemble states that were less representative and, to maintain the overall ensemble size, generated new ensemble states by reproducing them from ensemble states with a good fit by adding random noise. Sample selection was performed based on radar echo data. Results showed that applying EnKF with optimized samples improved the estimated track, intensity, precipitation distribution, and inner-core structure of Typhoon Rammasun. Therefore, the authors proposed that distinguishing between samples with good and poor fits is vital for ensemble prediction, suggesting that sample optimization is necessary to the effective use of EnKF.     

月尺度区域气候数值预测试验

将９层全球气候谱模式与ＣＳＵ－ＲＡＭＳ中尺度数值式嵌套,进行了月尺度的短期区域气候预测试验。结果表明：ＧＣＭ模式的集合预报能够反映较大尺度的平均环流;在此基础上,被嵌套的ＣＳＵ－ＲＡＭＳ中尺度模式能够得到更为细致的区域环流特征以及它的短期气候尺度的演率。ＧＣＭ模式与中尺度模式相结合的“区域气候数据模式”是了解短期区域气候变化的有效方法之一。     

MEASUREMENTS OF PARTICLE NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND NEW PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS DURING WINTER IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION, CHINA

Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.     

基于无为原理的潮汐分析与预测

为进一步优化无为原理在潮汐分析和预测中的应用,结合传统调和分析,将标准时频变换难以区分的分潮进一步分离.基于标准时频变换的无为原理,能从验潮数据中将各个分潮信号从其标准时频谱中直接提取,但是由于分辨率上的限制,分潮S2与K2、P1与K1混叠而难以区分,而在传统调和分析成功将混合分潮分离后进行预测,能使精度提高了20％ ...     

南海海温场分析及客观区划

本文采用方差极大正交旋转的因子分析方法,对南海SST场进行分析研究,并进行客观区划。结果表明,南海SST场可划分为七个区域,它们具有自身特定的变化规律,反映了不同的海洋动力学特征,这些具有不同特征的海区的形成可能分别与季风、南海海流、上升流、海洋涡旋、地理特征等因素有关,文中还对各主因子(对应于不同的海区)进行最大熵谱和交叉谱分析,得到各海区的显著周期和它们之间的显著耦合振荡周期,说明各海区除具有各自的特征外,它们之间还存在一定的内在联系。      

南岭局地小地形背风坡增雾作用的分析

对南岭地区乐昌站和乳源站1968—1998年31年的雾日气候资料进行了统计分析,对比分析发现,在背风坡雾产生的日数明显较多,即南岭地区存在显著的小地形背风坡雾现象。同时,利用CSU—RAMS中尺度数值模式进一步研究局地小地形背风坡雾的作用,模拟结果表明,小地形动力作用对背风坡雾有重要影响。     

地铁施工中广州中信广场沉降监测

地铁施工中,高层建筑物都存在一定程度的下沉;结合中信广场的场地条件,介绍了在地铁施工期间的沉降监测实施方法,对沉降监测数据进行了分析,并得出施工阶段沉降变化的规律。其结果对保证建筑物的安全和保障地铁施工具有重要意义。