Analysis of ice water path retrieval errors over tropical ocean

Retrieval of multi-layered cloud properties, especially ice water path (IWP), is one of the most perplexing problems in satellite cloud remote sensing. This paper develops a method for improving the IWP retrievals for ice-over-water overlapped cloud systems using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) data. A combined microwave, visible and infrared algorithm is used to identify overlapped clouds and estimate IWP separately from liquid water path. The retrieval error of IWP is then evaluated by comparing the IWP to that retrieved from single-layer ice clouds surrounding the observed overlapping systems. The major IWP retrieval errors of overlapped clouds are primarily controlled by the errors in estimating the visible optical depth. Optical depths are overestimated by about 10–40% due to the influence of the underlying cloud. For the ice-over-warm-water cloud systems (cloud water temperature Tw > 273 K), the globally averaged IWP retrieval error is about 10%. This cloud type accounts for about 15% of all high-cloud overlapping cases. Ice-over-super-cooled water clouds are the predominant overlapped cloud system, accounting for 55% of the cases. Their global averaged error is 17.2%. The largest IWP retrieval error results when ice clouds occur over extremely super-cooled water clouds (Tw 6 255 K). Overall, roughly 33% of the VIRS IWP retrievals are overestimated due to the effects of the liquid water clouds beneath the cirrus clouds. To improve the accuracy of the IWP retrievals, correction models are developed and applied to all three types of overlapped clouds. The preliminary results indicate that the correction models reduce part of the retrieval error.     

一次强对流天气及人工消雹作业过程回顾

通过一次成功的人工消雹作业过程,进而对该次冰雹天气过程进行分析,从中归纳出一些冰雹天气的特征指标,为今后的预报业务及人工影响天气工作提供一些有益的思路和指标     

基于一阶速度-应力方程的VTI介质最小二乘逆时偏移

地下地层普遍存在各向异性,忽略介质各向异性会导致速度估计不准确,成像精度下降.基于二阶声波方程的最小二乘逆时偏移忽略了介质各向异性及密度变化的影响,致使模拟地震数据与实际观测数据不匹配,影响收敛速度和反演成像质量.VTI介质一阶速度-应力方程能较好适应各向异性变密度情况,为此,本文首先从VTI介质一阶速度-应力方程出发,进行波动方程线性化;其次推导了相应的扰动方程和伴随方程,并通过伴随状态法得到梯度更新公式;最终形成基于一阶方程的LSRTM算法理论及实现流程.在实现算法的基础上,通过数值试算及成像结果对比,验证了本文算法在处理变密度和VTI介质时的有效性和优越性.偏移速度以及各向异性Thomsen参数误差的敏感性测试及误差收敛曲线对比结果进一步表明:速度及Thomsen参数对成像结果存在明显影响,其中速度敏感性最强,参数epsilon次之,参数delta的敏感性最弱.     

碳酸盐岩油气储层高精度成像方法研究

碳酸盐岩油气储层在世界油气储层中占据着重要的地位,其油气总量约占全球油气总量的70%,具有埋藏深、构造复杂、非均质性强等特点。如何获得碳酸盐岩油气储层在地下的准确位置及构造特征,是油气勘探急需解决的难题。叠前逆时偏移成像技术采用精确的地震波动理论,能够对任意复杂构造进行高精度成像。本文针对碳酸盐岩油气储层成像难的问题,研究各向异性叠前逆时偏移成像技术,并将其应用于碳酸盐岩油气储层勘探中。通过采用精确的频散关系,推导各向异性纯qP波方程,利用高精度有限差分进行纯qP波模拟,通过叠前逆时偏移方法对纯qP波进行叠前深度偏移成像。基于典型的碳酸盐岩油气储层实际地质条件,建立逼近真实地质情况的碳酸盐岩地球物理模型,对上述模型进行偏移成像试验,结果表明各向异性逆时偏移成像技术是一种有效的碳酸盐岩油气储层勘探方法。最后将该方法应用于典型碳酸盐岩靶区的实际地震资料,并获得了精确的成像结果,进一步验证了各向异性逆时偏移成像技术在碳酸盐岩油气储层勘探中的重要作用。     

莫桑比克阿尔特里哥纳伟晶岩区概貌

莫桑比克阿尔特里哥纳是世界著名的伟晶岩区之一,蕴藏着丰富的稀有金属、稀土、水晶和宝石等矿产资源。伟晶岩脉及其矿体的分布受北北东—北东向和北西向断裂控制,北北东—北东向分布的伟晶岩矿床以稀有金属矿种为主,北西向分布的伟晶岩矿床以稀土金属矿种为主。伟晶岩体及其矿体呈脉状和透镜状等,规模大,富含钽铁矿、铌铁矿、锂云母、锂辉石、绿柱石、独居石、铌钇矿、烧绿石和泡铋矿等矿物。伟晶岩年龄410M a~560M a,是泛非构造运动的产物。按岩浆凝固浓度等分类,伟晶岩类型为稀有金属伟晶岩,部分为浅成、晶洞状伟晶岩;按化学成分等分类,伟晶岩以钠锂型为主,部分为钾型。伟晶岩体有明显的结构分带。     

长江中下游成矿带（江苏段）铜矿资源地球化学定量预测

利用江苏省1:20万区域化探资料,结合中大比例尺化探普查成果,运用GIS技术,提取剥蚀程度、相似度和衬值等地球化学信息,结合成矿带不同成因类型铜矿找矿模型,建立长江中下游成矿带(江苏段)铜矿地球化学定量预测模型,并进行铜矿预测区圈定、分级和铜矿资源量估算,为该矿带铜矿勘查工作部署提供了依据。