浅谈北京市大比例尺地形图更新方法

大比例尺地形图作为城市基础地理信息系统主要的空间基础数据,在城市规划管理、交通、公众服务等众多领域都有着十分重要的作用。本文将结合目前大比例尺地形图的需求,总结现有地形图的更新技术方法,提出科学合理的快速更新方法。     

热带浮游植物将被迫“搬家”去极地?

浮游植物指悬浮于水中的微小藻类植物,是浮游生物中的自养生物部分。浮游植物广泛存在于河流、湖泊和海洋中,多分布于水域的上层,个体极小,需要用显微镜才能观察到,繁殖极快。在淡水中主要是蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻等,在海水中主要是硅藻、甲藻。     

Telecorrelation of the 500 hPa Polar Circulation and El Nino / SO with the Temperature Fields in China

By using the monthly data from 1951 through 1984, empirical orthogonal expansion is performed for the 500 hPa geopotential height north of 65°N and the canonical fields are clustered by fuzzy classification. It is noted that both the mean monthly polar vortex fields and the large-scale anomaly fields fall into three regimes, with those of the January mean field and th April anomaly field having characteristic features. In addition, the relationship between the time weigthing coefficients of the canonical fields and El Nino / SO is examined, showing significant anomalies in the large-scale polar anomaly fields during April and October of the year when El Nino occurs. These polar circulation anomalies have considerably influenced the temperature fields in China during April and October. Thus, we may conclude that this is one of the most important reasons for a relatively cool April and a warm October in China during the El Nino year.     

贵州务川地区热液型重晶石矿床地质特征与控矿因素研究

黔北务川地区发育有大量脉状重晶石矿床,且部分重晶石矿床常伴有萤石产出,其特殊性颇具研究价值。本文以务川地区蕉坝、田坝、金竹堡、清水和温泉等5个典型的脉状重晶石矿床为研究对象,通过对矿床地质特征、矿床成因、关键控矿因素等开展综合研究,并与川东南和渝东南的典型热液脉状重晶石矿床进行对比,为区域重晶石找矿提供理论支撑。基础地质调查显示,重晶石矿体主要赋存于下奥陶统红花园组和桐梓组生物碎屑灰岩、白云岩之中,矿体形态以脉状为主,矿体产状及空间分布严格受北西向断裂控制。矿石构造主要为致密块状、条带状、斑点状,矿石结构以不等粒板柱状变晶结构、镶嵌结构、溶蚀交代结构为主。矿石矿物主要为重晶石和萤石,脉石矿物为方解石、石英等。本文研究结果表明,研究区基底的寒武系黑色岩系可能是钡的主要供给源,区域性大型隐伏断裂及其相关次级断裂是引起基底地层中的钡不断迁移、活化并进入裂隙或断层破碎带成矿的关键因素,该类矿床成因类型归属低温热液型重晶石矿床。总体而言,务川地区热液型重晶石矿床与川东南、渝东南地区热液型重晶石矿床具有相似的成矿地质背景和成矿机制,它们可能为同一地质事件作用的产物。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑-宜君地区直罗组古层间氧化带地球化学特征及水-岩作用探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑-宜君地区直罗组古层间氧化带具有明显分带特征,通过对不同分带砂岩主量、微量、稀土元素及环境敏感参数特征对比研究,将旬邑-宜君地区古层间氧化带发育的水-岩作用过程划分成两个阶段：古层间氧化带形成和大规模成矿阶段、二次还原改造阶段。(1)古层间氧化带形成和大规模成矿阶段：含氧水进入目的层砂体,使砂体中Fe²⁺氧化成Fe³⁺(Fe²⁺含量最低,Fe³⁺最高);砂体中的U被氧化为U⁶⁺,形成铀酰腐殖酸盐络合物发生迁移(U、Corg、S含量最低、Th/U比值最高);长石高岭土化使Si发生流失(SiO₂含量降低);携带大量U的氧化流体运移至氧化还原过渡带(Corg、∑S含量最高、Fe²⁺含量仅低于灰绿色砂体),还原剂(有机质和黄铁矿等)将U⁶⁺还原成U⁴⁺,形成沥青铀矿;U⁴⁺与SiO₄^4-发生反应形成铀石(Th/U比...     

甘肃北山前红泉地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

前人在研究区开展过1∶20万水系沉积物测量及重砂测量,但受比例尺限制,异常面积过大,查证目标不够明确,找矿效果不佳。本次通过对前红泉地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,初步总结了该区地球化学特征,根据元素组合特征、成矿地质条件等圈定出综合异常10处;在分析综合异常特征、异常检查情况及成矿潜力的基础上划分了成矿远景区4个,分别为受断裂和韧性剪切带控制的万岁山金成矿远景区、黑山头金多金属成矿远景区、与基性岩有关的帐房山铜钴镍成矿远景区及受酸性岩体内构造裂隙控制的红柳疙瘩钨成矿远景区;在成矿远景区内优选出找矿靶区4处,并提出了下一步找矿工作的建议。     

孙吴地区中侏罗世白云母花岗岩的年代学与地球化学:对蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合时间的限定

本文对孙吴地区白云母花岗岩行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,确定其形成时代、岩石成因,从而揭示区域构造背景。孙吴地区白云母花岗岩中的锆石均呈半自形-自形,振荡生长环带明显,暗示其岩浆成因。测年结果显示,白云母花岗岩形成于168Ma,为中侏罗世岩浆事件的产物。岩体具有高硅(Si O2=74.61%~80.16%)、富铝(Al2O3=10.59%~13.90%)、贫铁(Fe2O3=0.11%~0.3%)等特征,在化学上属于准铝质-过铝质(A/CNK=0.97~1.13)系列。孙吴地区白云母花岗相对富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。锆石的εHf(168Ma)=+7.53~+11.66,二阶段的模式年龄(tDM2)变化于595~966Ma之间。上述特征表明,孙吴地区中侏罗世白云母花岗岩的岩浆起源于新增生加厚陆壳物质的部分熔融。结合在大兴安岭与小兴安岭衔接地区变质杂岩和冀北-辽西地区区域性地层不整合面的存在,表明大兴安岭西坡-冀北-辽西地区中侏罗世经历了一次与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合有关的陆壳加厚过程。因此,研究区内中侏罗世白云母花岗岩的形成应与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合过程中的陆-陆碰撞作用有关,而与古环太平洋向欧亚大陆的俯冲作用无关,其形成时代也限定额尔古纳地块西北部蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的闭合时间应为中侏罗世。     

Genetic study of Kelp “901” strain

Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901” strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F6, F7,Fs, and F9 generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp were obtained in the average of 9,9 loci for each primer, This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.321 2-0.476 7, and the maximum was between F7 and Fs (0.476 7). Identity analysis showed that F6 generation was more close to the female parent (0.659 3), and F7 generation was more close to the male parent (0.5788). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification, 191 loci ranging from 230-2 800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations were male parent (0.223 9),female parent (0.107 2), F6 (0.216 4), F7 (0.228 6), F8 (0.229 6) and F9 (0.317 2). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5 (Fs, F9). Total heterozygosity (HT) ofF6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.318 6, the average heterozygosity (Hs) for F6,F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.248 0, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (Gst) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selecting Laminaria.     

卡塞格林系统非球面板像场改正器的设计和研究

本文通过口径为1000,主焦比为3,卡氏焦比为8的实例,对四种主要的卡氏系统:1.类R-C、2.R-C、3.抛物面主镜和4.球面主镜的卡氏系统,研究和设计了四种不同的非球面板改正器。对类R-C、R-C和抛物面主镜的卡氏系统,视场直径取为1°.5,在4047—4861波段附近,像的最大弥散小于0″.2。在3650—10140的波段范围,各色光叠加在一起的最大弥散约为0″.5。对于球面主镜的卡氏系统,视场直径取为40′,相应的像斑为0″.8和1″.1。以上这些系统,当取去改正器后,都有一个消球差的焦点。对于其它焦比值的卡氏系统,这些研究和结果,仍具有参考价值。