Difference-frequency ultrasound generation from microbubbles under dual-frequency excitation

The difference-frequency (DF) ultrasound generated by using parametric effect promises to improve detection depth owing to its low attenuation, which is beneficial for deep tissue imaging. With ultrasound contrast agents infusion, the harmonic components scattered from the microbubbles, including DF, can be generated due to the nonlinear vibration. A theoretical study on the DF generation from microbubbles under the dual-frequency excitation is proposed in formula based on the solution of the RPNNP equation. The optimisation of the DF generation is discussed associated with the applied acoustic pressure, frequency, and the microbubble size. Experiments are performed to validate the theoretical predictions by using a dual-frequency signal to excite microbubbles. Both the numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimised DF ultrasound can be achieved as the difference frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the microbubble and improve the contrast-to-tissue ratio in imaging.     

非稳腔主动式直接获取纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光

通过对基于轴棱锥的贝塞尔谐振腔和贝塞尔-高斯谐振腔的研究,设计了一台腔内倍频Nd:YAG纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光激光器. 非稳激光器谐振腔由轴棱锥和凸面镜组成. 实验采用单灯脉冲抽运激光增益介质Nd:YAG晶体,倍频晶体选用KTP. 当抽运电压为350 V时,由主动式直接产生纳秒近似零阶贝塞尔绿光,其脉冲宽度为55.1 ns,波长为532 nm,线宽为0.8 nm,近似无衍射零阶贝塞尔绿光的中心光斑直径为192 μm. 利用Fresnel-Kirchhoff 衍射积分和Fox-Li迭代法,通过数值计算得出     

鲍高效养殖模式的研究

本研究采取苗种强化培育、坑道培育大规格苗种、湖间带鲍参混养等相结合,并配套适当技术措施,促进鲍快速生长,缩短养殖周期一年左右,提高成活率15％以上,增加经济效益200％左右,形成鲍高效养殖的较理想模式。     

台湾东北部古海湾沉积特征

通过对台湾东北部古海湾及周边356个海底表层沉积样品的粒度分析及碎屑矿物分析,揭示了古海湾及周边陆架自末次盛冰期以来的沉积环境演变特征,并分析了古海湾的成因。结果表明,该古海湾及周边海域沉积环境的演变可划分为3个阶段:(1)末次盛冰期,浊流、滑坡事件在海湾边缘及陆架边缘频繁发生,可携带大量的陆源碎屑物质输运至古海湾内(B-3),下蚀其海床及下伏地层,并塑造了作为浊流通道的两个砾石条带,在B-3内部保留分选差、改造弱的沉积物。在此期间,潮流、波浪和跨陆架流在东亚冬季风的影响下严重侵蚀B-3的湾口及湾缘,并沉积大量的砂、石英及低含量的生物碎屑物质,石英/长石比值也较高;(2)末次冰消期,随着海平面的阶段性上升,古海岸线向陆大幅迁移,导致浊流强度减弱,潮流逐渐成为陆架区主要的作用营力,相关的潮流底应力可改造陆架沉积物,此时期,西部陆架含砾砂-砾质砂区(B-1)和北部陆架含砾砂-含砾泥质砂区(B-2)的地势差异及其所影响的水平海侵速度和潮波强度的差异是造就两者沉积组分、类型、石英、长石、岩屑和生物碎屑的含量及石英/长石比值差异的主因;(3)高水位时期,黑潮强度在本区增强,除侵蚀B-1底床,黑潮底层流也对B区的浅水地带进行冲刷,加之台湾暖流及沿岸流、长江冲淡水对该区的影响较小,使得B区细粒沉积物质含量较低,A区(北部陆架含砾泥质砂沉积区)细粒沉积广布,除与弱潮流作用相关外,弱的底层流的影响也是原因之一,同时来自台湾暖流可能携带部分细粒沉积物在此卸载。对于古海湾的成因而言,末次盛冰期频繁的浊流是将前更新世时期受湾内断裂作用而形成的半地堑地貌的海湾雏形进一步塑造成深凹地貌的主因,它进一步加剧了其深凹的地貌,在后期的冰消期和高水位时期,潮波系统及黑潮逐渐强盛,阻止了细粒沉积物的输入,保留了古海湾的深凹地貌。     

近岸波浪破碎区不规则波浪的数值模拟

基于近岸不规则波浪传播的抛物型缓坡方程和两类波浪破碎能量损耗因子,对近岸波浪破碎区不规则波浪的波高分布进行了数值模拟,并结合实验结果对数值模拟结果进行了验证分析,结果表明采用两类波浪破碎能量损耗因子所模拟的破碎区波高与实测值均吻合良好,波浪破碎能量损耗因子及波浪破碎指标对破碎区波浪波高分布影响较明显。     

0606号台风"派比安"风暴潮特征分析与总结

2006年第6号台风"派比安"在广东境内的阳西到电白之间沿海登陆,此次台风引起的大风、巨浪以及强降雨给粤、桂、琼三省的沿海地区构成极大的威胁.本文以闸坡站和硇洲站的实测资料为依据,运用水文统计学和气象学等相关知识,对粤西沿海的潮位和风暴增水等特性进行初步分析,得出台风的登陆位置、台风风力、大风持续时间以及浪高等对风暴潮的产生有重要的指示作用,并且还探讨了台风路径和特殊的地形特征等因素致使最大增水出现时间与台风登陆时间存在时间上的前后偏差.本文通过分析此次台风的风暴增水特征,可以帮助总结预报经验,为今后提高风暴潮预报的准确度提供参考.     

西北冰洋表-底层碳动力学耦合作用的同位素(13C,234Th)指示

The coupling of upper ocean-benthic carbon dynamics in the ice-free western Arctic Ocean(the Chukchi Sea and the Canada Basin) was evaluated during the late July–early September 2003 using natural stable(13C) and radioactive(238U-234Th) isotope tracers. POC export flux estimated from 234Th/238 U disequilibria and dissolved CO2 concentration([CO2(aq)]) pointed out that the strengthened biological pump in the Chukchi Shelf have significantly lowered [CO2(aq)] and altered the magnitude of isotopic(12C/13C) fractionation during carbon fixation in the surface ocean. Further, d13 C signatures of surface sediments(d13Csed) are positively correlated to those of weighted d13 CPOC in upper ocean(d13Csed =13.64+1.56×d13CPOC, r2=0.73, p0.01), suggesting that the POC isotopic signals from upper ocean have been recorded in the sediments, partly due to the rapid export of particles as evidenced by low residence times of the highly particle-reactive 234 Th from the upper water column. It is suggested that there probably exists an upper ocean-benthic coupling of carbon dynamics, which likely assures the sedimentary d13 C record an indicator of paleo-CO2 in the western Arctic Ocean.     

基于贝叶斯网络分类的遥感影像变化检测

遥感成像过程中,地面、大气等诸多要素的不确定性和波段之间的相关性等原因影响了分类精度,导致变化检测的不准确性。为了提高分类精度往往需要引入先验知识。贝叶斯网络是一种新的数据表达和推理模型,对数据没有严格的正态分布前提要求,通过动态地调整先验概率密度,能有效提高分类精度。以北京通州地区1996-05-29和2001-05-19两个时相的陆地卫星Landsat TM遥感影像为例,介绍了基于贝叶斯网络的分类算法,并在此基础上实现了两个时相遥感影像的变化检测。实验结果表明:基于贝叶斯网络分类算法的后分类比较变化检测方法是遥感影像变化检测的一种新的有效方法。     

Experimental study of nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves

Nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves were experimentally investigated in the present study. The experiments were carried out for 6 different wave heights and 6 different wave periods to cover a relatively wide range of wave nonlinearities. A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to capture the real-time motion of the floating body. The measurement data show that the sway, heave and roll motions of the floating body are all harmonic oscillations while the equilibrium position of the sway motion drifts in the wave direction. The drift speed is proportional to wave steepness when the size of the floating body is comparable to the wavelength, while it is proportional to the square of wave steepness when the floating body is relatively small. In addition, the drift motion leads to a slightly longer oscillation period of the floating body than the wave period of nonlinear wave and the discrepancy increases with the increment of wave steepness.     

黄河口海底液化粉土特征研究

选取黄河口埕岛油田海域作为研究区,在先前调查研究工作的基础上对该区域海底液化粉土特征进行研究,从声学特征、物理力学参数特征、微结构特征以及动三轴试验分析这4个方面详细分析了液化粉土与未液化粉土的性质差异。研究表明,液化粉土的物理力学性质相对于未液化粉土有着明显的变化,液化粉土的标贯击数值较未液化粉土增加,在相同的振次条件下,液化粉土的抗液化剪应力比比未液化粉土大,土的抗液化强度增加,液化粉土较未液化粉土更难发生液化。