Comparison between different earthquake magnitudes determined by China Seismograph Network

By linear regression and orthogonal regression methods, comparisons are made between different magnitudes (lo-cal magnitude ML, surface wave magnitudes MS and MS7, long-period body wave magnitude mB and short-period body wave magnitude mb) determined by Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, on the basis of observation data collected by China Seismograph Network between 1983 and 2004. Empirical relations between different magnitudes have been obtained. The result shows that: 1 As different magnitude scales reflect radiated energy by seismic waves within different periods, earthquake magnitudes can be described more objectively by using different scales for earthquakes of different magnitudes. When the epicentral distance is less than 1 000 km, local magnitude ML can be a preferable scale; In case M<4.5, there is little difference between the magnitude scales; In case 4.5MS, i.e., MS underestimates magnitudes of such events, therefore, mB can be a better choice; In case M>6.0, MS>mB>mb, both mB and mb underestimate the magnitudes, so MS is a preferable scale for deter-mining magnitudes of such events (6.08.5, a saturation phenomenon appears in MS, which cannot give an accurate reflection of the magnitudes of such large events; 2 In China, when the epicentral distance is less than 1 000 km, there is almost no difference between ML and MS, and thus there is no need to convert be-tween the two magnitudes in practice; 3 Although MS and MS7 are both surface wave magnitudes, MS is in general greater than MS7 by 0.2~0.3 magnitude, because different instruments and calculation formulae are used; 4 mB is almost equal to mb for earthquakes around mB4.0, but mB is larger than mb for those of mB≥4.5, because the periods of seismic waves used for measuring mB and mb are different though the calculation formulae are the same.     

Comparison between earthquake magnitudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph networks (I): Body wave magnitude

Introduction Gutenberg (1945a, b) introduced body wave magnitude based on P, PP and S waves (with a period of 0.5~12.0 s) of teleseismic events. Body wave magnitude includes mb determined with short-period seismograph and mB determined with middle- and long-period seismographs. Some-times it is written as m, which is referred to as unified earthquake magnitude. mb represents earth-quake magnitude measured with body wave amplitude around 1 s, while mB represents earthquake magnitude measured …     

由动态裂纹退化得到的静态裂纹解

用一个二维裂纹沿自身所在的平面扩展, 作为断层的模型。在Kostrov(1975)的经典模型(线弹性断裂力学模型)的通解的基础上, 采用动态解退化的方法, 得到了三种类型的二维裂纹的静态解。本文采用的退化方法有两个便利之处:①对于三种类型裂纹的解, 可以用统一的方法求出: ②避免了采用物理意义不明显的位移势和应力函数。本文所得到的结果与以往作者采用对平衡方程积分变换得到的结果完全一致。本文说明:①静态解和动态解不可分割, 因为静态解同样具有持续时间的含义: ②临界裂纹的静态解与动态解需要满足同一组判定条件, 它的转化必须以某种形式的附加扰动为前提。因此, 在计算临界裂纹的起始破裂问题时, 必须给出一定形式的扰动量。      

2013年4月20日四川芦山Mw6．7地震参数的测定

2013年4月20日8时2分57秒,中国地震台网中心警报声响起,自动定位系统显示在四川省芦山县发生了一个较大的地震,8时3分43秒（地震发生后57秒）,自动地震速报系统测定出了地震的发震时间、地震位置和震级,     

根据地面形变的观测研究1966年邢台地震的震源过程

本文以完整的形式给出拉梅常数不相等情形的半无限弹性介质中任意倾角的矩形滑动断层引起的地震位移场解析表示式。以一些数值结果说明介质的泊松比、断层面的倾角、上界和下界对地面的地震位移场的影响。在比较1966年邢台地震的地形变资料和计算得到的各种走向、倾向、倾角、断层面长度、宽度、震源深度和错距的单个的矩形滑动断层引起的地面位移之后指出,简单的滑动断层错动模式不能同时很好地解释观测到的邢台地震的水平和垂直形变。为了解释观测结果,提出了一个复合的断层模式。这个复合断层模式由六个简单的矩形滑动断层构成。运用网格尝试法,得到了基本上符合观测到的水平和垂直位移场的震源参数。     

基于震源位置搜索的破裂过程联合反演方法及其在典型内陆浅源强震中的应用

众所周知,破裂过程的反演依赖于震源位置和断层面参数.然而,在一些台站稀疏地区,由于震源位置的精度不高,在进行破裂过程反演时,断层面上的初始破裂点的位置难以得到有效确定.     

2009年8月9日日本伊豆群岛地震矩张量解

2009年8月9日10点55分56秒协调世界时（UTC）,在日本本州以南的伊豆群岛地区发生了Mw7.2地震,震源深度303km．作者利用矩张量快速反演技术,通过反演全球台网的宽频带Ｐ波波形得到了这次地震的矩张量解,并判断走向188deg;、倾角90deg;、滑动角79deg;的节面是地震发生的断层面．      

Frequency-domain array technique analysis for the rupture duration time and geometrical characteristics of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake

In this paper, we briefly describe the principle of tracking energy radiation sources of large earthquakes using fre- quency-domain far-field array technique, present general steps of tracking energy radiation sources, and take the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake as an example to analyze key factors for setting parameters while pro- cessing data. Using broadband waveform data from a seismic array in Ethiopia and Kenya (EK Array), we obtain that the rupture initiation point of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake is located in the east of Buka Daban Peak (35.92°N, 91.70°E), and the rupture duration time is less than 160 s, the rupture length about 520 km, with 180 km in the west of the initiation point and 340 km in the east, respectively. The western segment of the earth- quake fault bends towards southwest near Buka Daban Peak, which is in concordance with the surface rupture trace. The eastern segment apparently bends towards northeast near Xidatan, which is in agreement with the strike of Xidatan fault, but 30 km away from Xidatan fault. In addition, the results imply that the western segment of the earthquake fault appears erect while the eastern segment appears to be gradually dipping southwards.     

青藏高原东南边缘的运动学和动力学

在青藏高原东南边缘有一广大区域的地震活动性和GPS数据显示出形变活跃。本文描述该地区的活动断层作用,及其与GPS观测的速度场是何种的关系。在有些地方,速度场由垂直轴的旋转所调节,该地区地表的大部或全部应变看来都由地震所释放。然后将GPS观测速度与用重力驱动的形变模型所计算的速度进行比较。使用由实验导出的矿物流动定律计算的流变学,模型提供了与GPS观测速度非常一致的速度。不可能唯一地确定出深部的流变学或流动速度,与观测水平地表速度匹配的有两种类型的模型解。其一是垂直平面通过纯剪切形变,其二是地壳内存在水平速度的垂直梯度。该地区存在正断层作用地震的两个截然不同地区,其机制最容易由重力驱动的形变来解释。